A cross-sectional study based on a planned sampling was carried out to determine flock-level risk factors associated to Leptospira spp. infection in dairy goat flocks in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 975 adult dairy goats from 110 flocks were examined for Leptospira spp. antibodies by MAT using 24 serovars. A structured questionnaire focusing on risk factors for leptospirosis was completed for each flock. Of the 110 flocks 48 (43.6%; 95% CI: 34.2-53.4%) presented at least one seropositive animal, and most frequent serovar was Autumnalis (10.9%). Ninety-eight (8.7%; 95% CI: 5.7-12.9%; design effect=4.23) of the 975 goats tested seropositive at MAT, and serovar Autumnalis was also the most frequent (1.74%). Presence of rodents (OR=2.78; P=0.015) was identified as a risk factor. There was also association between history of infertility (OR=14.74; P=0.015) and prevalence of positive flocks. We suggest that a program of rodent control should be included in the flock management practices aiming to reduce transmission of the agent and then to reduce prevalence of positive flocks and occurrence of reproductive disorders such as impaired fertility.
RESUMO.-[Soroprevalência e fatores de risco associados com a infecção porA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the ϐlock--level prevalence of C. abortus infection in goats from the semiarid region of the Paraíba State, Northeast region of Brazil, as well as to identify risk factors associated with the infection. Flocks were randomly selected and a pre-established number of female goats ≥ 12 mo old were sampled in each of these ϐlocks. A total of 975 serum samples from 110 ϐlocks were collected, and structured questionnaire focusing on risk factors for C. abortus infection was given to each farmer at the time of blood collection. For the serological diagnosis the complement ϐixation test (CFT) using C. abortus S26/3 strain as antigen was performed. The ϐlock-level factors for C. abortus prevalence were tested using multivariate logistic regression model. Fifty-ϐive ϐlocks out of 110 presented at least one seropositive animal with an overall prevalence of 50.0% (95%; CI: 40.3%, 59.7%). Ninety-one out of 975 dairy goats examined were seropositive with titers ≥32, resulting in a frequency of 9.3%. Lend buck for breeding (odds ratio = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.04-5.33) and history of abortions (odds ratio = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.37-6.80) were associated with increased ϐlock prevalence. para determinar a prevalência de rebanhos positivos para a infecção por C. abortus em caprinos do semiárido do Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, bem como identiϐicar os fatores de risco associados com a infecção. Os rebanhos foram selecionados aleatoriamente e um número pré-estabelecido de cabras com idade ≥12 meses foi amostrado por rebanho. No total, foi colhido sangue de 975 animais procedentes de 110 rebanhos, e no momento da colheita foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico a cada proprietário. Para o diagnóstico sorológico foi utilizado o teste de ϐixação de complemento (FC) usando a estirpe de C. abortus S26/3 como antígeno. Os fatores de risco para a prevalência de C. abortus em nível de rebanho foram testados com o uso de modelo de regressão logística multivariada. Cinquenta e cinco rebanhos dos 110 analisados apresentaram pelo menos um animal soropositivo, com uma prevalência de 50,0% (IC 95%: 40,7%). Noventa e um animais entre os 975 examinados foram soropositivos com título ≥32, rePesq. Vet. Bras. 32(11):1082-1086, novembro 2012 1083 Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydophila abortus infection in dairy goats in the Northeast of Brazil sultando em uma frequência de 9,3%. Compartilhar reprodutores (odds ratio = 2,35; IC 95%: 1,04-5,33) e histórico de abortamentos (odds ratio = 3,06; IC 95%: 1,37-6,80) foram associados com o aumento da prevalência de rebanhos. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO:Chlamydophila abortus, prevalência, fatores de risco em nível de rebanho, pequenos ruminantes, Brasil.
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(4):332-336, abril 2014 332 RESUMO.-Foram determinadas as prevalências de propriedades positivas e de animais positivos e identificados fatores de risco associados à leptospirose em vacas no Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram aleatoriamente selecionadas 2.317vacas com idade ≥ 24 meses, procedentes de 450propriedades. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por Leptospira spp. foi empregado o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), utilizando-se 24 sorovares como antígenos. Uma propriedade foi considerada positiva quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Das 450 propriedades investigadas 398 (89,7%; IC 95% = 86,6-92,2%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente na SAM para qualquer sorovar, e 1.349 (61,1%; IC 95% = 56,6-65,4%) animais foram soropositivos. O sorovar Hardjo foi o mais prevalente nas propriedades e nos animais, com frequências de 58,17% e 54,69%, respectivamente. Propriedade ser localizada no Sertão (odds ratio = 3,20; p = 0,003), presença de animais silvestres (odds ratio =2,89; p=0,005), não resfriar o leite (odds ratio =3,83; p=0,034) e presença de pastos alagados (odds ratio =2,36; Herd-level and animal-level prevalences were determined and risk factors associated with leptospirosis were identified in cows in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. A total of 2,317 cows with ≥ 24 months of age from 450 herds were randomly sampled. For the serological diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was carried out using 24 serovars as antigens. A herd was considered positive when presented at least one seropositive animal. Of the 450 investigated herds, 398 (89.7%; 95% CI = 86.6-92.2%) presented at least one reactant animal at MAT to any serovar, and 1,349 (61.1%; 95% CI = 56.6-65.4%) animals were seropositive. Serovar Hardjo was the most prevalent in herds and animals, with frequencies of 58.17% and 54.69% respectively. Location of the herd in the Sertão (odds ratio = 3.20; p=0.003), presence of wildlife (odds ratio =2.89; p=0.005), not cooling milk (odds ratio =3.83; p=0.034) and presence of flooded pastures (odds ratio =2.36; p<0.001) were identified as risk factors for herd-level prevalence. It is concluded that leptospirosis is widely spread in cattle in State of Paraíba, which reinforces the need for increased prevention and control measures, such as vaccination of herds. According to the results of risk factors analysis it is suggested that the sanitary control before the introduction of animals, drainage of wetlands and improvement in management conditions are important measures to preventing the infection.
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