Flock-level risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dairy goats in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil

Higino, Severino Silvano dos Santos; Santos, Fabrine A.; Costa, Diego Figueiredo da; Santos, Carolina S.A.B.; Silva, Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues; Alves, Clebert José; Azevêdo, Sérgio Santos de

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.09.005

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Variation in the prevalence among properties may be related to factors such as the production system (Herrman et al, 2004), management (Higino et al, 2012), topography, temperature, moisture, precipitation, and contact with other wild animals or domestic carriers, which contribute to the occurrence rate of infection (Aguiar et al, 2010;Araújo Neto, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted by different microscopic serum agglutination techniques in some States of Brazil have detected anti-Leptospira antibody in sheep, with wide variation of anti-Leptospira prevalence and serovars (Langoni et al, 1995;Caldas et al, 1995;1996;Mota et al, 1999;Herrmann et al, 2004;Aguiar et al, 2010;Hashimoto et al, 2010;Higino et al, 2010, Carvalho et al, 2011Salaberry et al, 2011;Alves et al, 2012;Martins et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infection in sheep has been related to environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, water and soil pH, and presence of organic matter (Escócio et al, 2010) and/ or management-related factors, such as mixed species grazing (Langoni et al, 1995), semi-intensive system (Mota et al, 1999), presence of carriers, not carrying out quarantine to all new arrivals to the flock (Salaberry et al, 2011), and animal participation in events (Alves et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic analysis of Leptospira spp. infection among sheep in Pernambuco state, Brazil

et al. 2016

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This study aimed to analyze epidemiological aspects and spatial characteristics of Lesptospira spp. infection among sheep in Pernambuco state, Brazil. A total of 426 samples were collected from unvaccinated animals aged 1 year or older, and submitted to Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). To study the risk factors, a standardized investigative survey of sheep farmers, with objective questions, was conducted to establish the general characteristics of the farm property production, reproductive management, and health plan. From 426 samples analyzed, 83 (19.5%; CI 15.9 - 23.6%) were positive; among them, the most prevalent serovar was Autumnalis (32.4%). Significant differences were observed between gender (OR = 0.38; CI 0.14 - 0.99), production system (OR = 2.03; CI 1.07 - 3.84), types of herd (OR = 2.28; CI 1.39 - 3.72), absence of rodents to the grain storage (OR = 0.55; CI 0.34 - 0.91), and restriction to surface waters (OR = 0.60; CI 0.37 - 0.99). Leptospira spp. infection is disseminated in sheep herds, and multiple factors can influence its occurrence. Health education programs and worker training in prevention and control of leptospirosis and other infectious diseases may be useful to reduce infection rates and economic losses caused by this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic analysis of Leptospira spp. infection among sheep in Pernambuco state, Brazil

et al. 2016

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“…Rizzo et al agglutination test (MAT) ranged from 1.5% to 33.3%. The most common serogroups in the Brazilian states were Icterohaemorrhagiae, which were positive in a sample from Ceará (FAVERO et al, 2002); Australis, Djasiman, Celledoni, Semaranga, and Sejroe, which were reported in the state of Paraíba (FAVERO et al, 2002;HIGINO et al, 2013;COSTA et al, 2016); Autumnalis, which were detected in Rio Grande do Norte; (ARAÚJO NETO et al, 2010); and Canicola and Autumnalis, which were reported in Pernambuco (CUNHA et al, 1999). Surveys were conducted in other Brazilian states, including Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais, and the infection rates were 2.4%-35.47% (FAVERO et al, 2002;SCHMIDT et al, 2002;LILENBAUM et al, 2007b;LILENBAUM et al, 2008;DOS SANTOS, et al, 2012;CORTIZO et al, 2015;TOPAZIO et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studies involving goat herds from Brazilian states reported the following risk factors associated with the occurrence of Leptospira spp. : rodent infestations and a history of infertility in goats in the state of Paraíba (HIGINO et al, 2013); contact with sheep and the presence of concentrate in animal feed in the state of Santa Catarina (TOPAZIO et al, 2015); an intensive breeding system, presence of purebreds, animals aged >12 months, breeding systems involving other animal species, and farms that employed outside manual labor in the state of Minas Gerais ; a semi-intensive farming system, a still water source (a well), and cases of miscarriage in the state of Espírito Santo (CORTIZO et al, 2015); and the tropical climate, absence and/or low frequency of veterinary care, and access to pastures in the state of Rio de Janeiro (LILENBAUM et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of and risk factors associated to Leptospira spp. Seropositivity in goats in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2017

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Frequency of and risk factors associated to Leptospira spp. seropositivity in goats in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern... Ciência Rural, v.47, n.7, 2017. INTRODUCTIONLeptospirosis is a major public health problem in Brazil with an annual average rate of 3,780 human cases between 2000 and 2015, 9.6% (364) of which were lethal. In the country's Northeastern region and in the state of Sergipe, lethality is as high as 12.8% (87/681) and 24.1% (10.6/44), respectively (SINAN/SVS/MS, 2017a, b). Leptospirosis is caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Twenty-five serogroups and approximately 300 serovars belonging to 25 serogroups can infect domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. On rural properties, transmission occurs primarily via the urine of infected animals (GOMES, 2013;HIGINO & AZEVEDO, 2014). Accordingly, rural workers in Jamaica who have contact with goats have a 3.52 times higher chance of presenting symptoms of the disease (KEENAN et al., 2010).Goats usually present chronic infection, with a predominance of embryonic absorption, miscarriage, neonatal mortality, and hemorrhagic jaundice. In the acute form of the disease, a sudden onset of fever, anemia, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria occur, leading to death (MARTINS et al., 2012;HIGINO & AZEVEDO, 2014).In the Northeastern region of Brazil, surveys were performed in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Paraíba, and Pernambuco. The rate of seropositive goats based on the microscopic

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Leptospirosis in sheep and goats under tropical conditions

Martins

Lilenbaum

2013

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Inadequate management practices and poor reproductive performance have been reported as fundamental factors on reducing the levels of productivity in livestock. Different pathogens have been reported in small ruminants' herds/flocks with reproductive failures. The aim of the present study was to review aspects of leptospirosis in small ruminants, mainly its impact on reproduction and consequently on productivity of the herds/flocks under tropical conditions. Leptospiral infection in goats and sheep is common in several countries, and those species can also act as carriers of leptospires. Severe disease is often associated to young animals and is frequently associated to incidental serovars. In contrast, subclinical infection is mainly characterized by reproductive problems, such as infertility, abortion, occurrence of stillbirths, and weak lambs/goat kids. Moreover, laboratorial tests are essential to achieve an accurate diagnosis of the infection. Microscopic agglutination test is the most common indirect test of leptospirosis, being used worldwide. In small ruminants, PCR consists on a recommendable method for diagnosing animals that carry leptospires. Control of leptospirosis in small ruminants involves measures such as the identification and treatment of the carriers and other sources of infection, quarantine in acquired animals, and systematic immunization with commercial vaccines containing the circulating serovars in the herd/flock. Productivity of small ruminant breeding can dramatically increase with adequate sanitary conditions and control of leptospirosis. Immunization of all the animals combined to the treatment of carriers may successfully control the infection and importantly reduce the economic reproductive hazards that are observed under tropical conditions.

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Flock-level risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dairy goats in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiologic analysis of Leptospira spp. infection among sheep in Pernambuco state, Brazil

Epidemiologic analysis of Leptospira spp. infection among sheep in Pernambuco state, Brazil

Frequency of and risk factors associated to Leptospira spp. Seropositivity in goats in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

Leptospirosis in sheep and goats under tropical conditions

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