Semisynthetic phenol derivatives were obtained from the natural phenols: thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, and guaiacol through catalytic oxychlorination, Williamson synthesis, and aromatic Claisen rearrangement. The compounds characterization was carried out by H NMR,C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The natural phenols and their semisynthetic derivatives were tested for their antimicrobial activity against the bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, and Bacillus cereus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined using concentrations from 220 to 3.44 μg mL. Most of the tested compounds presented MIC values ≤220 μg mL for all the bacteria used in the assays. The molecular properties of the compounds were computed with the PM6 method. Through principle components analysis, the natural phenols and their semisynthetic derivatives with higher antimicrobial potential were grouped.

ABSTRACTPCR screening of ticks and tissue samples collected from 151Teira dugesiilizards seems to indicate a potential role of this lizard species in the maintenance and transmission cycle of someIxodes ricinustick-borne agents, such asRickettsia monacensis,Rickettsia helvetica, andBorrelia lusitaniae, that are circulating on Madeira Island.

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Understanding the crop diversity is critical for a successful breeding program, helping to dissect the genetic relationship among lines, and to identify superior parents. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and to verify the relationship between genetic diversity and heterotic patterns based on hybrid yield performance. A total of 1,041 maize inbred lines were genotyped-by-sequencing, generating 32,840 quality-filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Diversity analyses were performed using the neighbor-joining clustering method, which generated diversity groups. The clustering of lines based on the diversity groups was compared with the predefined heterotic groups using the additive genomic relationship matrix and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Additionally, the genetic diversity of lines was correlated with yield performance of their corresponding 591 single-cross hybrids. The SNP-based genetic diversity analysis was efficient and reliable to assign lines within predefined heterotic groups. However, these genetic distances among inbred lines were not good predictors of the hybrid performance for grain yield, once a low but significant Pearson's correlation (.22, p-value ≤ .01) was obtained between parental genetic distances and adjusted means of hybrids. Thus, SNP-based genetic distances provided important insights for effective parental selection, avoiding crosses between genetically similar tropical maize lines.

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The variation in the climatic conditions throughout the year can influence the foliar nutrient contents in Coffea canephora, impacting the fertilization management. We evaluated the influence of the climatic seasonality on the foliar nutrient contents of 28 C. canephora genotypes cultivated at 850 meters of altitude, in cold winter. The work was carried out in Morrinhos, State of Goiás, Brazil. A randomized complete block design in a 2 x 28 factorial arrangement was used, with two crop seasons, winter and summer, and 28 C. canephora genotypes, with four replications, each replicate composed by five plants, and a spacing of 3.5 m x 1.0 m. The third and fourth pairs of leaves, of productive branches located in the middle third of the plant, were collected in six-year-old crops. The leaves were dried, and the mineral contents were analyzed, they were, then, subjected to multivariate analysis of principal components, dissimilarity and clustering. The results reveal the existence of different nutritional contents among leaves collected in the winter and summer. There is a tendency of higher macro and micronutrient contents in leaves collected in the winter than in the summer. The nutritional diagnosis should consider the group of genotypes and the crop season.