Understanding the crop diversity is critical for a successful breeding program, helping to dissect the genetic relationship among lines, and to identify superior parents. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and to verify the relationship between genetic diversity and heterotic patterns based on hybrid yield performance. A total of 1,041 maize inbred lines were genotyped-by-sequencing, generating 32,840 quality-filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Diversity analyses were performed using the neighbor-joining clustering method, which generated diversity groups. The clustering of lines based on the diversity groups was compared with the predefined heterotic groups using the additive genomic relationship matrix and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Additionally, the genetic diversity of lines was correlated with yield performance of their corresponding 591 single-cross hybrids. The SNP-based genetic diversity analysis was efficient and reliable to assign lines within predefined heterotic groups. However, these genetic distances among inbred lines were not good predictors of the hybrid performance for grain yield, once a low but significant Pearson's correlation (.22, p-value ≤ .01) was obtained between parental genetic distances and adjusted means of hybrids. Thus, SNP-based genetic distances provided important insights for effective parental selection, avoiding crosses between genetically similar tropical maize lines.
RESUMO -A palmeira Euterpe edulis é uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica e atualmente se encontra na lista das espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Uma alternativa para retirá-la desta lista seria o estímulo para o plantio comercial, focando o manejo dos frutos, que recebem a classificação de "superfruta" pelas suas propriedades químicas e nutricionais. Entretanto, uma etapa de extrema importância que precede a seleção de genótipos superiores é o estudo das associações entre as variáveis, pois permite traçar estratégias de seleção alternativas para maximizar os ganhos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estimar as correlações genéticas pelo procedimento REML/BLUP e os efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre a massa dos frutos, por meio da análise de trilha, para seis caracteres de frutos de 198 acessos de E. edulis. Foram analisados frutos de 198 genótipos de juçara coletados em 20 fragmentos florestais na região Sul e Caparaó do Estado do Espírito Santo. De cada genótipo, avaliaram-se 25 frutos para as características: diâmetro longitudinal e equatorial do fruto e da semente; e massa do fruto e da semente. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para a estimativa das correlações genéticas através do método de máxima verossimilhança restrita e melhor predição linear não viesada (REML/BLUP). Posteriormente, as correlações genéticas entre as variáveis de fruto foram submetidas à análise de trilha. Os seis caracteres de fruto estudados apresentam associação genética positiva com magnitude superior a 0,71 pelo procedimento REML/BLUP. O diâmetro longitudinal do fruto e a massa das sementes possuem maior efeito direto sobre a massa dos frutos, o que as torna mais indicadas para aumentar as chances de sucesso na seleção de genótipos de juçara com frutos maiores. As características diâmetro longitudinal do fruto e a massa das sementes são as principais determinantes das variações na massa dos frutos. Termos para indexação: Euterpe edulis, Pré-melhoramento, Seleção de Caracteres, Análise Biométrica.
GENETIC CORRELATIONS AND PATH ANALYSIS FOR FRUIT CHARACTERS OF JUÇARA PALM TREEABSTRACT -The palm tree Euterpe edulis is a native species from Mata Atlântica and it is nowadays found in the list of species which are threatened by extinction. One option to withdraw it from this list would be the stimulation of the commercial planting aiming the management of fruits which receive the "super fruit" classification by their chemical and nutritional properties. However, one stage of extreme importance that precedes the superior genotypes selection is the study of associations among the variables, because it allows delineating alternate selection strategies to maximize the gains. The present study had as objective to estimate the genetic correlations by the REML/BLUP procedure and the direct and indirect effects upon fruit mass by path analysis for six fruit characters of 198 accessions of E. edulis. Fruits of 198 Juçara genotypes collected in 20 forestry fragments in the south and Caparaó region of the state of Espírito Santo were analyzed. Fro...
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