Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.

The perineal region remains a surgical challenge because of the lack of the available skin for reconstruction of surgical wounds. The scrotal skin should be considered for use as a transposition flap to cover skin defects in this region.

Cyanoacrylate adhesive should be considered in lieu of suture closure to secure random skin flaps based on the subdermal plexus in dogs.

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Mast cell tumors represent the most common malignant skin tumor in the dog. This review outlines the incidence, etiology and clinical signs of mast cell tumors. Diagnostic tests, staging and treatments are also discussed.

Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the endothelial cells of blood vessels; they can be classified as non-visceral and visceral types. Non-visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle tissues; visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the spleen, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, oral cavity, bones, bladder, uterus, tongue, and retroperitoneum. Among domestic species, dogs are most affected by cutaneous HSA. Cutaneous HSA represents approximately 14% of all HSA diagnosed in this species and less than 5% of dermal tumors, according to North American studies. However, Brazilian epidemiological data demonstrate a higher prevalence, which may represent 27 to 80% of all canine HSAs and 13.9% of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in this species. Cutaneous HSA most commonly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs (between 8 and 15 years old), with no gender predisposition for either the actinic or non-actinic forms. The higher prevalence of cutaneous HSA in some canine breeds is related to lower protection from solar radiation, as low skin pigmentation and hair coverage lead to greater sun exposure. Actinic changes, such as solar dermatosis, are frequent in these patients, confirming the influence of solar radiation on the development of this neoplasm. There are multiple clinical manifestations of hemangiosarcoma in canines. The diagnostic approach and staging classification of cutaneous HSAs are similar between the different subtypes. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of incisional or excisional biopsies. Cytology can be used as a presurgical screening test; however, it has little diagnostic utility in cases of HSA because there is a high risk of blood contamination and sample hemodilution. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for dogs with localized non-visceral HSA without evidence of metastatic disease. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an alternative therapy for the local ablative treatment of different neoplastic types; the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of dogs with cutaneous HSA is uncommon. There is greater consensus in the literature regarding the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in subcutaneous and muscular HSA; doxorubicin is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent for subcutaneous and muscular subtypes and can be administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Other therapies include antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, the association of chemotherapy with the metronomic dose, targeted therapies, and natural products. The benefits of these therapies are presented and discussed. In general, the prognosis of splenic and cardiac HSA is unfavorable. As a challenging neoplasm, studies of new protocols and treatment modalities are necessary to control this aggressive disease.

ResumoOnze quatis (Nasua nasua), de ambos o sexos e idades variadas, clinicamente sadios, mantidos em cativeiro no Horto Botânico de Niterói e no Zoológico Municipal de Volta Redonda, foram utilizados para colheita de amostras sangüíneas, visando a realização de exames hematológicos. Estes exames consistiram na determinação de hemograma, dosagens séricas de glicose, uréia, creatinina, proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas, aspartato-aminotransferase (AST), alanina-aminotransferase (AL T) e colesterol, além de pesquisa de hemoparasitas. As amostras foram obtidas por punção das veias cefálica e/ou femural, e processadas no Laboratório de Patologia Clínica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Os valores médios encontrados foram: hemácias = 5,5 x 10 6 /mm 3 ; volume globular = 33,5%; hemoglobina= 11 g%; volume globular médio = 61,9 fi; concentração de hemoglobina globular média = 32,1 %; leucócitos = 8950/mm 3 ; basófilos = 0%; eosinófilos = 1 0%; bastões = 0%; segmentados = 56%; linfócitos = 30%; monócitos = 3%; proteínas totais = 9,4 g%; albumina= 3,8 g%; globulinas = 5,6 g%; ALT = 31,1 6600 o 14 o 56 27 3 Kit para proteínas totais e albumina -Bioclin Química Básica Ltda MG, Brasil. Kit para transaminase pirúvica (AL T) (cat. 53) -Labtest Kit para transaminase oxalacética (AST) (cat. 52) -Labtest Kit para colesterol ( cat. 12) -Labtest 9 Sistema SAEG, versão 3.0-UFV, MG, Brasil

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