Objective: To evaluate vitamin D serum levels of term newborns and relate them to maternal concentrations and birth weight. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 225 mothers and their term newborns. Data collected were maternal health, prenatal care, gestational, and anthropometric data of the newborns. The following laboratory tests were performed: serum levels of 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase. Results: Of the 225 newborns included in the study, 119 (52.9%) were males, the mean birth weight was 3,198 ± 421.4 g, and the gestational age was 39.1 ± 1.1 weeks. Of these, 20 (8.9%) were small and 12 (5.3%) were large for gestational age. A 25(OH)D sufficiency was found in 25.8% of mothers and 92% of newborns. The mean 25(OH)D concentrations of newborns was higher than that of the mothers 48.7 ± 15.2 ng/mL vs. 26.0 ± 6.7 ng/dL (p < 0.001), correlating inversely with birth weight (r = –0.249; p < 0.001). Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns had higher concentrations of 25(OH)D compared to adequate and large for age (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed strong positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations, with higher values in newborns. The highest 25(OH)D concentrations were found in SGA term infants. We speculated these findings could be influenced by newborn body composition.

Objective To evaluate postpartum vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and to relate it to pregestational BMI, gestational weight gain, and sociodemographic variables. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 225 full-term pregnant women. Data collected are as follows: maternal health, socioeconomic status, pregestational body mass index (BMI), and gestational weight gain. Laboratory evaluation included vitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase. Results The mean age of women was 25.6±6.6 years. Dark skin color, low education, and work in the urban region were predominant. Regular sun exposure, photoprotection, and vitamin D supplementation were reported by 144 (64.0%), 44 (19.6%), and 5 (2.2%) women, respectively. The mean plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D were 26.0±6.8 ng/mL. Levels compatible with deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) were observed in 43 (19.1%) and 124 (55.1%) women, respectively. The increase of 1 ng/mL in 25(OH)D concentrations was associated with an increase of 0.16 mg/dL (95%CI 0.19 to 2.02; p=0.018) for calcium. There were no associations with 25(OH)D concentrations with pregestational BMI and with gestational weight gain. Conclusions The high frequency of postpartum vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in women with a full-term pregnancy in a region with a large and permanent sun exposure reminds us of the need for intervention policies aimed at preventing vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy.

ResumoO aleitamento materno é uma experiência que tem ajudado diversas crianças a enfrentarem contextos adversos em termos econômicos e sociais, além de representarem também, uma inusitada e gratificante experiência emocional. Tem se mostrado capaz de suprir todas as necessidades nutricionais do lactente, através da especificidade de sua composição, com efeito protetivo contra uma série de doenças e infecções. Este estudo se propôs a uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre aleitamento materno. O estudo envolveu 30 artigos, selecionados de maneira aleatória nas bases de dados Scielo e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde -BVS, utilizando as palavras-chave: aleitamento, leite materno e prática alimentar.De uma maneira geral, os resultados demonstraram vantagens importantes em termos da amamentação exclusiva até os seis meses de idade, porém foram inconclusivos em aspectos como a associação entre aleitamento materno e desenvolvimento cognitivo e, na predição de uma possível obesidade em adolescentes que, quando crianças não foram amamentados exclusivamente ao seio até os seis meses de idade, pelo menos. Palavras-Chave:Aleitamento, Leite materno, Prática alimentar. BREASTFEEDING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE IN PERIODICALS INDEXED 2009 TO 2012 AbstractBreastfeeding is an experience that has helped many children to face in adverse effects economic and socially environments, and also representing an unusual and rewarding emotional experience. It has been shown to fill all the nutritional requirements of infants, through specificity of its composition, with protective effect against a number of diseases and infections. This study aimed to a systematically review of the literature on breastfeeding. The study enrolled 30 items, selected at random from Scielo and data Virtual Health Library -VHL, using the keywords: breastfeeding, breast milk and feeding practices.In general, the results showed important advantages in terms of exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age, but were inconclusive in aspects such as the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development and in the prediction of a possible obesity in adolescents who, as children were not exclusively breastfed until six months of age, at least.

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