BackgroundTo assess the motor development of infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).MethodsThirty infants were assessed in the period from November 2009 to March 2010 at the AIDS Reference and Training Centre, in São Paulo, Brazil. The assessment instrument used in the research was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). All 30 infants used the antiretroviral drug properly for 42 consecutive days, in accordance with the protocol of the World Health Organization.ResultsOut of the total number of infants, 27 (90%) had proper motor performance and 3 (10%) presented motor delay, according to the AIMS.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that only 10% of the assessed group had developmental delay and no relation with environmental variables was detected, such as maternal level of education, social and economic issues, maternal practices, attendance at the day care center, and drug use during pregnancy. It is important to emphasize the necessity of studies with a larger number of participants.
BackgroundAutism is a disorder characterized by pervasive social and communicative impairments, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests. Its causes and effects have been researched from various neurocognitive theoretical perspectives and with the aid of neuroimaging technology. We aimed to describe biopsychosocial processes characteristic of the Autism Spectrum Disorders.MethodLiterature review using Medline and Scopus databases published between 2001 and 2011, with the keywords "autism", "theory of mind", "executive functions", "central coherence" and “fMRI”.ResultsThe studies found were plotted and organized into tables and an explanatory diagram of the main findings was produced.ConclusionsThe most popular neurocognitive theories are still unable to fully explain the characteristics of the complications that autistic spectrum disorder causes to the quality of life of individuals living with autism. The association of clinical research and neuroimaging may contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the brain affected by the disorder.
Abstract:Introduction: The identification of factors related to children's deaths is very important in planning public health actions for restructure and improve the mother and child assistance, aimed in reducing child mortality. Objective: Analyze the factors associated with infant mortality in the metropolitan area of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. All deaths occurring in children under one year old of the metropolitan region of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil, contained in the mortality information system and in live births's information system, from January 2009 to December 2013. Newborn variables (sex, race/color, weight, age); maternal variables (maternal age and education and type of gestation); assistance variables (labor type) were extracted from the SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde/Unified Health System) Informatics Department and presented in chart and tables in absolute and percentage frequency form. Results: In the five-year period, 816 infant deaths in 48321 births were registered associated to the following factors: 453 (55.5%) male, 471 (57.7%) drab and 514 (63%) low weight in birth, 458 (56.1%) with 20 to 34 years of age, 353 (43.2%) 8 years or more of schooling, 657 (80.5%) only pregnancy and 414 (50.7%) vaginal birth. Conclusion: Infant mortality variables in the metropolitan region of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil were associated mostly with deaths occurring in drab boys with birth weight below the normal, whose mothers were young, with good education and who had just one gestation, born of vaginal birth.
Sepse é uma resposta do organismo a uma situação infecciosa. É um assunto que vem atraindo o interesse da comunidade médica, devido a um considerado aumento de sua incidência. Apesar dos avanços científicos ainda busca-se uma melhor compreensão sobre esse importante tema. Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico da Sepse no primeiro semestre de 2015, num hospital de referência do interior do ceará, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, retrospectivo e documental, de abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: A amostra constou de 193 prontuários de pacientes com sepse, sendo 105 (54,5%) homens e 88 (45,6%) mulheres, com idades variando de 17 a 99 anos (M=64,7 e Dp=21,540). Em 71,0% dos casos de Sepse a origem foi Comunitário e 29% de origem Hospitalar. Em 96 casos (49,7%) houveram sepse, em 61 casos (31,6%) aconteceu uma sepse grave e, em 36 casos (18,7%) houve choque séptico. O foco predominante foi pulmonar com 128 casos (66,4%), seguido de foco abdominal, 11 (5,7%), urinário, 8 casos (4,1), das partes moles, 2 casos (1,0), de origem neurológica, 1 caso (0,5%), da corrente sanguínea, 1 caso de pé diabético (0,5%) e, 20 casos (10,4%) de origem desconhecida. Considerações finais: O estudo demonstrou ser elevado o número de pacientes acometidos de sepse no hospital estudado, o que reforça a necessidade de ações preventivas para melhorar a redução da mortalidade por sepse.
Introduction: Obesity is becoming more and more frequent in children, which can result in health problems both in childhood and in adulthood. Considering that, at school age, eating habits may be influenced by the context in which the child is inserted, mainly, lifestyle, inside and outside the school environment, it is important to evaluate the growth achieved in height, as well as their nutritional status, since this can be an indication of future and possible nutritional disorders, allowing to direct resources and effective public policies in this age group. Objective: Evaluate the growth in stature and nutritional condition of schoolchildren by gender and age in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the first semester of the 2012 school year. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 595 children of six to ten years of age, through the marketing of Public Municipal Elementary Schools, in the city of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 20.0. Results: It was assessed a larger proportion of children between seven and nine years of age, and both in relation to the stature as the Body Mass Index (BMI). The medians are higher when compared to the reference (World Health Organization), revealing that the children are growing well, even above the average for the benchmark. However, at the same time, they have a BMI higher than expected, even considering their high stature. The diagnosis of nutritional status among the boys and girls showed no statistical differences. However, it is worth highlighting that, although the bigger prevalence is eutrophic children (70.3%), a high prevalence of excess weight (overweight, obesity and severe obesity) can also be observed, around 28% of the sample. Conclusions: Although most children were found to be in normal nutritional condition, some were identified as being overweight or obese. It was evident that nutritional condition does not differ in relation to gender, but is influenced by age and height.
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