Objective of the present work to investigate the influence of different temperature conditions in the environment and moisture content in the seeds over six months of storage on the incidence of fungi in soybean seeds, as well as the quality of the crude oil extracted from the seeds. Soybean seeds were used with initial moisture contents of 12.0; 13.0; and 14.0% (w.b.) which were placed in plastic bags of polypropylene, over a period of 180 days in two different environments: lab environment (uncontrolled conditions: 27 ± 0.6 °C), airconditioned environment (20 ± 1.2 °C). The health of the seeds was evaluated by identifying and counting the percentage of infected kernels. For assessing the quality of crude oil extracted from the seeds were carried out oil content, acidity index and peroxide value. The experiment was a triple factorial 2 x 3 x 4, completely randomized design with three replications. Soybean seeds, disinfected and not disinfected were analyzed separately. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and regression, the means were compared using Tukey's test at 5% significance. The initial moisture content of 14.0% (w.b.) provides greater fungal incidence rate at the end of storage in soybean seeds not disinfected. The atmospheric temperature during storage interferes with the quality of the crude oil extracted from the soybean seeds. The temperature of 27 °C causes more increase in acid number soybean oil during storage.

R E S U M OObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes embalagens, ambientes e do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade de sementes de crambe. O crambe, com teor de água de 4,63% (b.u.), foi embalado em garrafas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), em garrafas reutilizadas de polietileno tereftalato (PET) e em embalagens laminadas as quais foram armazenadas nos ambientes: refrigerado a 10 ± 1,19 °C e 34,84 ± 4,09% de umidade relativa (UR) e natural a 24,81 ± 1,82 °C e 54,93 ± 12,77% de umidade relativa (AN). Avaliaram-se, durante nove meses, o teor de óleo e de proteína bruta, os índices de acidez, peróxido e iodo, pH e acidez em álcool solúvel. As sementes acondicionadas em embalagem laminada no AN apresentaram maior teor de proteína bruta no 3° mês e as em AR, maiores índices de peróxido, nos 3° e 6° meses. Em AR, as sementes em embalagens de PEAD apresentaram menor acidez em álcool solúvel. Os teores de proteína bruta e de óleo diminuíram durante o armazenamento, o índice de peróxido e o pH aumentaram e o índice de iodo apresentou variação nos valores. No final do armazenamento os valores de acidez em álcool solúvel eram semelhantes aos do início. O índice de acidez não sofreu interferência das variáveis estudadas. Storage of crambe seeds in different containers and environments: Part II -Chemical quality A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different packaging, environment and storage time on the chemical quality of crambe seeds. Crambe seeds, with a water content of 4.63% (dry basis), were packed into high density polyethylene (HDPE), reused polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and laminated packages, which were stored in two different environments: refrigerated air (RA) at 10 ± 1.19 °C and 34.84 ± 4.09% relative humidity (RH) and natural air (AN) at 24.81 ± 1.82 °C and 54.93 ± 12.77 % RH. For nine months, the oil and crude protein content, acidity index, peroxide and iodine level, pH, and alcohol-soluble acidity were evaluated. Seeds in laminated packages stored in AN showed higher crude protein content after 3 rd month, and in AR, there were higher levels of peroxide after 3 rd and 6 th months. In AR, the seeds in HDPE packaging showed lower alcohol-soluble acidity. Crude protein and oil content decreased during storage, peroxide level and pH increased and iodine level varied. At the end of storage, the alcohol-soluble acidity returned to base line values. The acidity level was not affected by the changes in the variables studied. Palavras-chave:qualidade da semente teor de óleo proteína bruta Crambe abyssinica

ABSTRACT

Abelhas sem ferrão como Tetragonisca angustula também são produtoras de mel. Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de méis de colônias de T. angustula coletados em área de preservação permanente localizado no município de Rio Verde, Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Foram coletados méis em 5 colônias de T. angustula. Os méis foram avaliados tanto qualitativamente quanto quantitativamente por protocolos padronizados por (Brasil, 2000), além da análise sensorial e conteúdo polínico. Os méis das cinco colônias de T. angustula apresentaram grande morfologia e tipos de poléns, em diversas famílias vegetais, além da qualidade sensorial, qualitativa e quantitativa equiparáveis a outros estudos com méis dessa espécie de Apidae. Esse estudo demonstrou que na área avaliada em uma região no Estado de Goiás, T. angustula apresenta mel de alta qualidade, embora a quantidade seja baixa para inúmeras espécies de abelhas sem ferrão, ainda nossos achados, estes fortalecem a necessidade de normativas específicas para qualidade de méis de meliponínneos tanto para normas brasileiras quanto internacionais.

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O uso de frutos nativos do Cerrado vem ganhando destaque para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos farináceos que apresentam características importantes para saúde e propriedades do alimento desenvolvido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as farinhas obtidas a partir da casca, arilo e semente do fruto de H. stigonocarpa, quanto às características físico-químicas, tecnológicas, antioxidantes, fenólica total e de carotenóides. Os resultados apresentaram boas características físico-químicas como teor de proteínas, carboidratos, lipídios, pectinas e minerais; tecnológicas apresentou boa colorimetria e formação de gel farináceo resistente e absorção de água e óleo; importante atividade antioxidante na redução do radical DPPH, presença de compostos fenólicos totais e de carotenóides. As farinhas do fruto de H. stigonocarpa apresentaram excelentes características que as tornam importantes no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios e farmacêutico, aliando a qualidade e a riqueza de compostos naturais importantes para a manutenção da qualidade de vida mais saudável, bem como garantir a preservação da espécie H. stigonocarpa no ambiente natural de Cerrado.

Native fruits are economically important to small producers, and they are a important part of the diet of several communities. Therefore, postharvest studies of these fruits are essential. In addition, research involving their chemical composition can identify substances that add potential value to the fruits, especially from a nutritional and medicinal standpoint. This study characterized the fruits of the muricizeiro shrub (Byrsonima crassifolia, Malpighiaceae), which were harvested from native plants on private properties and stored for 16 days at a mean temperature of 12 °C. The fruits were evaluated during storage for: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ascorbic acid content, phenolics and carotenoids total, carotenoids profile, glucose, fructose and sucrose contents. Overall, the temperature that the fruits were storage at was effective at maintaining the quality of the fruit. However, the ascorbic acid content of the fruits did decrease during the storage period. Results showed that the fruits had a high antioxidant capacity, possibly because of the presence of phenolic compounds and carotenoids. It is also important to highlight that this fruit is source of vitamin A, owing to the high concentration of β-carotene.

An extracellular β-mannanase was isolated from samples of crude extract of the mesophilic fungus Aspergillus foetidus grown on soybean husk as a carbon source. The induction profile showed that β-mannanase reached a maximum activity level (2.0 IU/mL) on the 15th day of cultivation. The enzyme was partially purified by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography procedures and was named Man 58. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide electrophoresis and zymogram analysis of Man 58 showed two bands of approximately 43 and 45 kDa with β-mannanase activity. Ultrafiltration showed that β-mannanase activity was only detected in the concentrated sample. Man 58 was most active at 60 °C and at pH 4.0. It was thermostable in the temperature range of 40-60 °C for eleven days, and the half-life at 70 °C was ten days. Man 58 showed Km and Vmax values of 3.29 mg/mL and 1.76 IU/mL respectively, with locust bean gum as a substrate. It was mostly activated by FeSO4 and CoCl2 and inhibited by MgSO4, FeCl3, CuSO4, MgCl2, ZnCl2, ZnSO4, CaCl2, CuCl2, KCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Phenolic compounds did not inhibit the OPEN ACCESSAppl. Sci. 2015, 5 882 enzyme. On the other hand, auto-hydrolysis liquor showed an inhibitory effect on Man 58 activity.