R E S U M OObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de crambe em diferentes condições de armazenamento, durante nove meses. O crambe com teor de água de 4,63% base úmida foi acondicionado nas embalagens laminada, polietileno tereftalato (PET) e polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), as quais foram armazenadas nos ambientes: refrigerado, a 10 ± 1,19 °C e 34,84 ± 4,09% UR e natural, a 24,81 ± 1,82 °C e 54,93 ± 12,77% UR. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial triplo (3 x 2 x 4) com três repetições. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância e regressão. O ambiente natural e a embalagem PET são os que melhor se apresentam para manter a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de crambe por até seis meses de armazenamento. O ambiente natural preserva o vigor de sementes e promove superação da dormência primária logo no terceiro mês de armazenamento. O ambiente refrigerado a 10 °C não é recomendado para o armazenamento das sementes de crambe. Storage of crambe seeds in different containers and environments: Part I -Physiological quality A B S T R A C TThe present study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of crambe in different storage conditions for nine months. The crambe with moisture content of 4.63% (wet basis) was placed in the packages laminated, PET and HDPE, which were stored in environments: refrigerated at 10 ± 1.19 °C and 34.84 ± 4.09% relative humidity (RH) and natural at 24.81 ± 1.82 °C and 54.93 ± 12.77% RH. The completely randomized design in triple factorial (3 x 2 x 4) with three replications was used. Data were analysed by analysis of variance and regression. The natural environment and packaging PET containers is best to maintain seed quality of crambe for up to six months of storage. The natural environment preserves the seed vigor and promotes overcome primary dormancy as early as the third month of storage. The refrigerated environment at 10 °C is not recommended for storage of seeds of crambe. Palavras-chave:Crambe abyssinica ambiente refrigerado ambiente natural

1Recebido para publicação em 28/08/2014 Aceito para publicação em 14/04/2015 RESUMO: O jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) é uma espécie nativa com importância medicinal, sendo amplamente utilizada no Brasil. Em função da necessidade de conhecimento à cerca do pré-processamento desta espécie, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética de secagem de folhas de jenipapo (G. americana L.), bem como determinar a difusividade efetiva da água durante o processo. As folhas foram coletadas com teor de água inicial de 2,30±0,05 (decimal b.s.), e submetidas à secagem em três condições de temperatura do ar (35,3; 46,0 e 65,0°C) até atingirem o teor de água de equilíbrio. Aos dados experimentais, ajustaram-se doze modelos matemáticos, recomendados para representar o processo de secagem de produtos agrícolas. As magnitudes do coeficiente de determinação (R 2 ), do erro médio relativo (P), do erro médio estimado (SE) e do teste do qui-quadrado (χ²), foram utilizadas para verificar o grau de ajuste dos modelos. Os modelos de Henderson e Pabis modificado e Midilli apresentaram ajustes adequados aos dados experimentais, sendo o modelo de Midilli, em função de sua simplicidade, escolhido para representar a cinética de secagem das folhas de jenipapo. Aumentando a temperatura do ar de secagem de 35,3 para 46,0 e 65,0ºC houve redução no tempo de secagem das folhas de jenipapo de 91,1 para 62,5 e 24,2 horas, respectivamente. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura, e esta relação é descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, que apresenta energia de ativação para a difusão líquida de 33,9 kJ mol -1 . Palavras-chave:Modelo de Midilli, desidratação, plantas medicinais, energia de ativação ABSTRACT: Drying kinetics and effective diffusivity in jenipapo sheets (Genipa americana L.). The jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) is a native species with medicinal importance and is widely used in Brazil. Due to the need for knowledge about the preprocessing of this species, this work was developed to evaluate the drying kinetics of the jenipapo leaves (G. americana L.), and also to determine the effective diffusivity of water during the process. The leaves were collected with an initial moisture content of 2.30 ± 0.05 (decimal db), and dried in three conditions of air temperature (35.3, 46.0 and 65.0°C) until they reach the equilibrium moisture content. The experimental data set were twelve mathematical models, recommended to represent the drying process of agricultural products. The magnitudes of the coefficient of determination (R²), the mean relative error (P), the average estimated error (SE) and the chi-square (X²), were used in order to verify the adequacy level of the models. The Henderson, modified Pabis and Midilli models presented appropriate adjustments to the experimental data, with the model Midilli, due to its simplicity, chosen to represent the drying kinetics of the jenipapo leaves. By increasing the temperature of the drying air from 35.3 to 46.0 and 65.0ºC, there was a reduction in the dryin...

R E S U M OObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes embalagens, ambientes e do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade de sementes de crambe. O crambe, com teor de água de 4,63% (b.u.), foi embalado em garrafas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), em garrafas reutilizadas de polietileno tereftalato (PET) e em embalagens laminadas as quais foram armazenadas nos ambientes: refrigerado a 10 ± 1,19 °C e 34,84 ± 4,09% de umidade relativa (UR) e natural a 24,81 ± 1,82 °C e 54,93 ± 12,77% de umidade relativa (AN). Avaliaram-se, durante nove meses, o teor de óleo e de proteína bruta, os índices de acidez, peróxido e iodo, pH e acidez em álcool solúvel. As sementes acondicionadas em embalagem laminada no AN apresentaram maior teor de proteína bruta no 3° mês e as em AR, maiores índices de peróxido, nos 3° e 6° meses. Em AR, as sementes em embalagens de PEAD apresentaram menor acidez em álcool solúvel. Os teores de proteína bruta e de óleo diminuíram durante o armazenamento, o índice de peróxido e o pH aumentaram e o índice de iodo apresentou variação nos valores. No final do armazenamento os valores de acidez em álcool solúvel eram semelhantes aos do início. O índice de acidez não sofreu interferência das variáveis estudadas. Storage of crambe seeds in different containers and environments: Part II -Chemical quality A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different packaging, environment and storage time on the chemical quality of crambe seeds. Crambe seeds, with a water content of 4.63% (dry basis), were packed into high density polyethylene (HDPE), reused polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and laminated packages, which were stored in two different environments: refrigerated air (RA) at 10 ± 1.19 °C and 34.84 ± 4.09% relative humidity (RH) and natural air (AN) at 24.81 ± 1.82 °C and 54.93 ± 12.77 % RH. For nine months, the oil and crude protein content, acidity index, peroxide and iodine level, pH, and alcohol-soluble acidity were evaluated. Seeds in laminated packages stored in AN showed higher crude protein content after 3 rd month, and in AR, there were higher levels of peroxide after 3 rd and 6 th months. In AR, the seeds in HDPE packaging showed lower alcohol-soluble acidity. Crude protein and oil content decreased during storage, peroxide level and pH increased and iodine level varied. At the end of storage, the alcohol-soluble acidity returned to base line values. The acidity level was not affected by the changes in the variables studied. Palavras-chave:qualidade da semente teor de óleo proteína bruta Crambe abyssinica

Among energy sources from food, corn is a cereal with significant nutritional characteristics. However, during preprocessing, corn is subject to contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are considered carcinogenic, and gas ozone can be used as an alternative for decontamination. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the quality of corn grains at different exposure times. Evaluations were performed to assess moisture content, electrical conductivity, germination, germination speed index, colour (brightness parameter, direction red to green, direction yellow to blue, hue angle indicates the colour tone and chroma), and chemical composition, and chromatographic analysis was performed to quantify the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The ozonation times influence on the quality of the maize grains was lipids, ash and germination percentage and did not promote the degradation of all the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in the product.Keywords: contamination; corn; drying.Practical Application: Analyze the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in maize after ozonation.

The aims of this work were to adjust different mathematical models to experimental data describing the drying of the Valiosa cultivar soybean grain, to determine and to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficient and to obtain the activation energy and the thermodynamic properties of the drying process under different air conditions. The experiments were conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Câmpus Rio Verde). The Valiosa cultivar soybean grains, with an initial moisture content on a dry basis of 0.56 (d.b., decimal), were dried in an oven with forced air ventilation at five different temperatures (40, 55, 70, 85 and 100°C) until reaching a moisture content of 0.133±0.019 (d.b.). Of the models analyzed, Page’s model was selected to best represent the drying phenomenon. The effective diffusion coefficient of soybeans increased with the air temperature and was described by the Arrhenius equation; an activation energy of 22.77 kJ mol–1 was reported for liquid diffusion in the drying of the soybeans. The enthalpy and entropy decreased with increasing temperature, while the Gibbs free energy increased with increasing drying temperature.