These data support the use of esophageal manometry in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Assuming correct calibration, expiratory Pl derived from Pes reflects Pl in dependent to middle lung, where atelectasis usually predominates; inspiratory Pl estimated from elastance ratio may indicate the highest level of lung stress in nondependent "baby" lung, where it is vulnerable to ventilator-induced lung injury.

Strong effort increased dependent lung injury, where higher local lung stress and stretch was generated; effort-dependent lung injury was minimized by high PEEP in severe ARDS, which may offset need for paralysis.

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Angiotensin II plays important functions in cardiovascular system mediating actions leading to inflammatory responses such as activation of VSMC in order to produce ROS, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Changes in angiotensin II production could stimulate the recruitment and activation of myeloid cells initiating local inflammatory response without effect on BP. We aimed to verify if angiotensin II induces an inflammatory response in the aorta and if it correlates with variations in BP. C57Bl/6 mice treated with saline solution (0.9%, control group) or angiotensin II (30ng/kg, Ang II group) were used. BP and HR levels were measured. Immunohistochemistry for IL1-β, TGF-β, iNOS, CD45, andα-actin was performed in the aorta. BP and HR do not change. A biphasic response was observed both for IL1-βand TGF-βexpression and also for the presence of CD45 positive cells, with an acute increase (between 30 and 60 minutes) and a second increase, between 24 and 48 hours. Positive staining for iNOS increased in the earlier period (30 minutes) in perivascular adipose tissue and in a longer period (48 hours) in tunica adventitia. Immunoblotting toα-actin showed no alterations, suggesting that the applied dose of angiotensin II does not alter the aortic VSMCs phenotype. The results suggest that angiotensin II, even at doses that do not alter BP, induces the expression of inflammatory markers and migration of inflammatory cells into the aorta of normotensive mice. Thus, angiotensin II may increase the propensity to develop a cardiovascular injury, even in normotensive individuals.

Esta pesquisa insere-se na discussão relativa à inserção de psicólogos na Educação Básica, visando contribuir para a construção de políticas públicas em uma perspectiva histórico-crítica. Considerou-se fundamental analisar proposições legislativas que versam sobre a inserção do psicólogo neste campo, buscando desvelar como a Psicologia se faz presente e quais demandas sociais reivindicam a presença desses profissionais na Educação. Realizou-se pesquisa documental nos sites do Congresso Nacional, Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo e Câmara Municipal de São Paulo que resultou na análise de 31 proposituras legislativas. Nota-se que a expectativa que se tem sobre a atuação de psicólogos na Educação permanece predominantemente focada no indivíduo, com viés clínico e vinculada a uma concepção instrumental de Educação. Constata-se, portanto, a necessidade de ampliarmos ações junto às representações legislativas e à sociedade, em geral, que possibilitem a elaboração de proposições condizentes com o compromisso ético-político firmado pela área da Psicologia Escolar e Educacional na Educação Básica.

The reduction of MGU documented by FDG-PET in LVNC supports the hypothesis that a cellular metabolic pathway may play a role in the pathophysiology of LVNC. The beneficial effect of beta-blocker mediating myocardial metabolism in the clinical course of LVNC requires further investigation.