RESUMOO presente estudo de revisão visa uniformizar a nomenclatura e os conceitos classificatórios existentes na literatura, relativos aos desenhos ou modelos de estudo científico mais comumente utilizados em pesquisas na área clínico-cirúrgica geral. Procurou-se facilitar a elaboração do delineamento de um projeto de pesquisa científica, visando sua aplicabilidade. Esta revisão também tem o intuito de auxiliar o cirurgião-pesquisador a identificar qual foi o delineamento proposto em um artigo, assim como desenvolver um senso de crítica metodológica mais apurada sobre o mesmo, além de desmistificar a miscelânea conceitual existente na literatura. Descritores: Pesquisa Biomédica. Modelos Epidemiológicos. Projetos de Pesquisa Epidemiológica. Ensaios Clínicos. Estudos de Coortes.
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the classifications and concepts found at the literature regarding the research models on scientific studies commonly used in medical articles. This paper provides elements to facilitate the creation of a research model. It also helps the researcher to identify which is the research model of an article. This article will enable the reader of a scientific paper to have a more accurate sense of criticism of the Methods of a study. Key words: Biomedical Research. Epidemiologic Models. Epidemiologic Research Design. Clinical Trials. Cohort Studies.
IntroduçãoO ramo da Medicina que trata da metodologia das pesquisas é conhecido como Epidemiologia Clínica. Esse ramo, considerado uma área básica, constitui-se num importante alicerce no qual a Medicina moderna é praticada. Essa denominação é oriunda de duas disciplinas médicas: Epidemiologia e Medicina Clínica (ou Geral). A contribuição da Epidemiologia é representada pelo fato que vários dos métodos utilizados, para responder as questões das pesquisas, foram desenvolvidos por epidemiologistas, e pelo cuidado individual dos pacientes ser considerado num contexto da população maior, da qual o paciente faz apenas parte. A contribuição da Medicina Clínica reside na procura em responder a questões clínicas, assim como conduzir decisões clínicas baseadas nas melhores evidências disponíveis. 1 Porém, um fator considerado essencial ao progresso da pesquisa médica veio da área da Matemática. A Bioestatística introduziu a análise estatística para a confirmação de achados, assim como para a avaliação de tratamentos médicos, fornecendo-lhes maior solidez, confiabilidade e credibilidade.
Ultrasound, LLLT, and the combined use of LLLT and US resulted in greater synthesis of type I collagen; US was also effective in increasing collagen organization in the early stages of the healing process.
Davis DA. Combination forceps fuse both safety and efficiency. Dermatol Surg 2006; 32:717-20. 5 Schuckman MM, Bauland CG. Skin hook and forceps as a unified instrument: the Griffin forceps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 113:462-3. 6 Lalonde DH. Hook forceps. Ann Plast Surg 1991; 26:597-9. 7 Kelly MBH. 'Tusked' forceps for rapid and atraumatic subcuticular closure of the skin. Br J Plast Surg 1998; 51:124-5.
Low-level laser therapy resulted in significantly greater amounts of type III collagen (output powers of 60 mW or more) and type I collagen (output power of 80 mW), however, no significant differences between groups were found in the realignment of collagen fibers.
In vitro studies with keloid fibroblasts frequently present contradictory results. This may occur because keloids present distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in its different regions, such as the peripheral region in relation to the central region. We suggest an explant model for keloid fibroblasts harvesting, standardising the initial processing of keloid samples to obtain fragments from different regions, considering its biological differences, for primary cell culture. The different keloid regions were delimited and fragments were obtained using a 3-mm diameter punch. To remove fragments from the periphery, the punch was placed in one longitudinal line extremity, respecting the lesion borders. For the central region, it was placed in the intersection of lines at the level of the largest longitudinal and transversal axes, the other fragments being removed centrifugally in relation to the first one. Primary fibroblast culture was carried out by explant. Flow cytometry analysis showed cell cycle differences between the groups, confirming its different origins and biological characteristics. In conclusion, our proposed model proved itself efficient for keloid fibroblast isolation from specific regions and cultivation. Its simplicity and ease of execution may turn it into an important tool for studying the characteristics of the different keloid-derived fibroblasts in culture.
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