Objective: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are assumed to be at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study examined the variations in oxidised low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) concentration in relation to insulin levels in young women with PCOS. Design: Cross-sectional clinical study in tertiary cares research hospitals. A total of 179 women with PCOS (79 overweight) and 56 age-and body mass index-matched controls were examined. Methods: Blood samples were collected in follicular phase of the cycle for the basal glucose, total-, highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol, OxLDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and B (Apo-B), lipoprotein (a), insulin, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Homeostatic model index (HOMA) and free androgen index (FAI) were determined. Results: Overweight and normal weight women with PCOS had higher concentrations of OxLDL than their control counterparts (PZ0.007 and 0.003 respectively). Both the basal insulin (PZ0.003) and HOMA values (P!0.001) were significantly higher in overweight than normal weight patients. Testosterone and FAI were higher in patients than in the respective controls (P!0.001). The only independent predictor of increased OxLDL concentration in normal weight patients was Apo-B-to-Apo-A1 ratio (P!0.001, odds ratio (OR) 6.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-16.4), while in obese PCOS, it was total cholesterolto-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (P!0.001, OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.6-4.9). Conclusion: Young normal weight and overweight PCOS women have similarly increased OxLDL levels. Our results may indicate the presence of primary alteration in lipid metabolism in patients with PCOS. To answer the question whether the alteration in LDL particle size can by itself pose a higher cardiovascular risk, a careful follow-up of these women is needed. 155 131-136 European Journal of Endocrinology

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by obesity-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The objective of our study was to determine values of key lipid and lipoprotein fractions in PCOS, and their possible relation to insulin resistance. A total of 75 women with PCOS (aged 23.1 +/- 5.1 years, BMI 24.9 +/- 4.7 kg/m(2)), and 56 age- and BMI-matched controls were investigated. In all subjects, basal glucose, cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), oxidized LDL (OxLDL), triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo)A1, apoB, and apoE, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, and free androgen index were determined in the follicular phase of the cycle. PCOS patients compared with controls had increased indices of insulin resistance, basal insulin (p < 0.001), and HOMA index (p < 0.001), and worsened insulin resistance-related dyslipidemia with decreased HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), elevated triglycerides (p = 0.010), and pronounced LDL oxidation (p < 0.001). In conclusion, characteristic dyslipidemia of insulin resistance and unfavorable proatherogenic lipoprotein ratios were present only in women with PCOS and not in controls. Elevated OxLDL and the relation of apoE and nonesterified fatty acids with insulin resistance suggest that women with PCOS are at increased risk for premature atherosclerosis.

The ob jec ti ve of our stu dy was to de ter mi ne the in ter re la tio ns be tween the "fi r st", no n-en zyma tic, and the "se con d", en zyma tic li ne of an tioxi da nt de fense in pa tien ts wi th type 2 dia be tes mel li tus and ma ni fes ted car dio vas cu lar com pli ca tio ns. The se co nd aim was to de ter mi ne the re la tio ns be tween prooxi da nt (li pid sta tus) and an tioxi da nt pa ra me te rs in pa tien ts un der ob ser vation. Met ho ds:In our ca se-con trol stu dy, a to tal of 117 type 2 dia be tic pa tien ts (69 wi th and 48 wit hout car dio vas cu lar com pli ca tio ns) and 42 heal thy sub jects we re in clu ded. An tioxi da nt en zyma tic pa ra me te rs: erythro cyte, Cu,Zn-SOD, glu tat hio ne pe roxi da se (GPx) and glu tat hio ne re duc ta se (GR), as we ll as to tal an tioxi da nt sta tus (TAS), bi li ru bin, uric acid, to tal pro tei ns, al bu min and haptog lo bin we re de ter mi ned. The en zyma tic an tioxi da nt pa ra me te rs and TAS we re ana lyzed usi ng com mer cial tes ts ma nu fac tu red by Ran dox Ltd. UK, based on spec trop ho to me ter met ho ds, whi le the ot her no n-en zyma tic and li pid pa ra me te rs we re de ter mi ned by stan da rd la bo ra to ry met ho ds. Re sul ts: In re la tion to heal thy sub jec ts, type 2 dia be ti cs wi th car dio vas cu lar com pli ca tio ns had sig ni fi can tly lower va lues of en zyma tic an tioxi dan ts (P < 0.001), and hig her va lues of to tal bi li ru bin (P = 0.050), uric acid (P < 0.001) and hap tog lo bin (P < 0.001). Weak po si ti ve cor re la tion was fou nd be tween SOD and GPx (R = 0.289, P = 0.028) and be tween SOD and GR (R = 0.259, P = 0.045), whi le weak ne ga ti ve cor re la tion was ob tai ned be tween GPx and uric acid (R = -0.35, P = 0.009), GPx and to tal bi li ru bi ne (R = -0.40, P = 0.018). TAS cor re la ted weak ly wi th trig lyce ri des (R = 0.32, P = 0.037), whi le GPx and GR cor re la ted wi th HDL-cho les te rol (R = 0.457, P = 0.007; and R = 0.466, P = 0.001). Con clu sio ns: Ba sed on the ob tai ned re sul ts, it may be con clu ded that type 2 dia be tic pa tien ts ha ve sig ni fi can tly mo di fi ed an tioxi da nt de fen se, wi th a va-Sažetak Cilj na še stu di je bio je od re di ti me đu sob ne od no se iz me đu "pr ve", neen zimske, te "dru ge", en zim ske cr te an tiok si da cij ske zaš ti te u bo les ni ka s še ćer nom bo les ti ti pa 2 i oči to va nim kar dio vas ku lar nim kom pli ka ci ja ma. Dru gi je cilj bio ut vr di ti od no se iz me đu prook si da cij skih (li pid ni sta tus) i an tiok si da cij skih para me ta ra u is pi ti va nih bo les ni ka. Ma te ri ja li i me to de: U na šu je stu di ju pa ro va bi lo uk lju če no ukup no 117 boles ni ka s še ćer nom bolesti ti pa (69 sa, te 48 bez kar dio vas ku lar nih kom pli kaci ja) i 42 zdra va is pi ta ni ka. Od re đi va ni su slje de ći an tiok si da cij ski en zim ski para met ri: erit ro citi, Cu, Zn-SOD, glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za (GPx) i glu ta tio n-re dukta za (GR), kao i ukup ni an tiok si da cij ski sta tus (en gl. to tal an tioxi da nt s...

The patients with higher urPSA have higher AGA scores and higher postoperative PSA. This phenomenon is probably the consequence of higher local dihydrotestosterone activity in the scalp and PSA-secreting urethral glands.

In order to assess the role of proteinuria in the development of lipoprotein metabolism derangements, we investigated 60 patients (32 males and 28 females, mean age 37.15 ± 9.85 years, average clearance of endogenous creatinine 86.27 ± 19.81 mL/min, average body mass index 24.18 ± 2.23 kg/m 2), distributed in four groups according to degree of glomerular proteinuria. The control group, with urinary protein excretion <0.25 g/24h, included 15 persons, 6 males (M) and 9 females (F), average age 34.66 ± 4.82 years, with mean endogenous creatinine clearance (CCr) 99.70 ± 12.94 mL/min and mean body mass index (BMI) 23.28 ± 3.50 kg/m 2. Fifteen patients in the second group (M:F 9:6, average age 37.87 ± 9.65 years, mean CCr 82.85 ± 18.48 mL/min, mean BMI 23.83 ± 1.57 kg/m 2) had proteinuria of 0.25-1.0 g/24h. The third group included 15 patients (M:F 8:7, average age 35.67 ± 13.29 years, mean CCr 82.85 ± 18.48 mL/min, mean BMI 23.83 ± 1.57 kg/m 2), with proteinuria range 1.0 and 3.0 g/24h. The fourth group, with proteinuria greater than 3.0 g/24h, included 15 patients, M:F 9:6, mean age 40.40 ± 9.75 years, with mean CCr 80.16 ± 20.80 mL/min, and mean BMI 24.83 ± 1.44 kg/m 2. All patients in the second, third and fourth group had primary glomerulonephritis. Serum concentrations of the following parameters were measured: LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and lipoprotein(a). Group differences were tested by the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and c 2 test. Patients with proteinuria greater then 3.0 g/24h had significantly higher VLDL cholesterol (p<0.01) than subjects in other three groups. Furthermore, patients with proteinuria >3.0 g/24h had significantly higher serum HDL cholesterol (p<0.05) than control subjects. Serum lipoprotein (a) level was significantly greater in patients with proteinuria >3.0 g/24h as compared with patients with proteinuria ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 g/24h and control subjects (p<0.01). We therefore conclude that proteinuria causes disorders of LDL, VLDL, HDL and lipoprotein (a) metabolism.

Relative tumor-biopsy volume (RTV) is useful parameter in the preoperative assessment of tumor volume. Patients with higher RTV had significantly higher G and GS. However, these patients had significantly lower uPSA. This phenomenon could be the consequence of compromised PSA drainage from the peripheral zone of the prostate, caused by the tumor.

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