The present study was conducted on the scapula of five adult tigers to record the characteristic features of scapula bone. It was placed on lateral aspect of thorax, directed downward and forward. It was in the form of wide plate having scapular spine on lateral aspect. The height of spine increased gradually towards the distal end. The acromian process was subdivided into hamate process and suprahamate process. Hamate process overhanged the glenoid cavity. The suprahamate process was in the form of thin triangular plate directed backwards. The supraspinous fossa presented undulating surface in its middle. The infraspinous fossa was triangular and more or less flattened. Subscapular fossa was shallow and presented two prominent ridges. The caudal angle of the scapula was terminated in to glenoid cavity which was oval to quadrangular in shape. Cranial and proximal to the glenoid cavity prominent supraglenoid tubercle was observed which had hook shaped coracoid process. Scapula of both the sides were morphologically similar but the morphometrical values for the right scapula were non-significantly higher than the left counterpart (t< 0.05), which may be of some biomechanical importance.

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The study was conducted on 10 buffalo calves with a weight of 98.5 +/- 3.9 kg and age 9.7 +/- 1.3 months. Ten trials of two treatments were carried out using a randomized block design. Atropine at the dose of 0.02 mg/kg bodyweight was administered in both the groups. The animals of group I received romifidine at the dose of 10 microg/kg i.v., 10 min after atropine administration, whereas, animals of group II received triflupromazine at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg i.m. and 10 min later romifidine at the dose of 10 microg/kg i.v. immediately followed by ketamine at the dose of 5 mg/kg i.v. The onset of action of romifidine in group I occurred within 2 min and the animals remained under mild sedation for 31 +/- 4.8 min. In group II, the triflupromazine-romifidine-ketamine combination induced anaesthesia for 14 +/- 2.3 min. Hypothermia, significant bradycardia and respiratory depression was noticed in both groups at different time intervals.

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Background: Cardiac disorders are the second most common disorders after cancer in dogs. Cardiac disorders are often fatal and/or silent killers in canines. In our country, in the majority of cardiovascular disorders, there is a frequent omission by clinician and client due to lack of awareness. However, any cardiac abnormality requires to be dealt with top priority to avoid morbidity and mortality in the dog population. The present study was aimed to know the electrocardiographic interpretations of cardiac disorders in dogs. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 5110 dogs presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, from November 2019 to June 2020 were screened. Among them, 137 dogs had clinical signs about cardiac disorders were subjected to thorough electrocardiographic recordings for interpretations of various cardiac conduction anomalies. Result: Electrocardiography revealed various types of supraventricular and ventricular abnormalities. Among supraventricular disorders maximally wandering pacemaker (30.60%) was recorded followed by atrial fibrillation (22.58%), left atrial enlargement (8.06%) and sinus arrest (4.84%) in dogs. Among ventricular abnormalities; left ventricular enlargement, right ventricular enlargement and biventricular enlargement (i.e. 41.67%, 37.49% and 8.33%, respectively) were commonly diagnosed.

Background: Canine cardiac disorders are one of the most common silent killers encountered in veterinary practice. The diagnosis of these disorders is an important factor to ensure proper medication and pet care. The current study was aimed to evaluate incidence of the canine cardiac disorders in Jabalpur city. Methods: The study was conducted on 109 dogs presented at VCC, Jabalpur from October 2019 to March 2020 with clinical signs of ascites, obesity, distended abdomen, weight loss, frequent coughing, difficulty in breathing, exercise intolerance, fainting or syncope, lack of energy, swelling of extremities, pale gums and hind limb weakness. All the dogs were subjected to chest X ray, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Following the diagnosis, the dogs suffering with cardiac disorders were included in the study. Result: Of all the 109 dogs screened, 60 were found to suffering with cardiac disorders. Amongst 60 dogs, arrhythmia was encountered in 42 dogs, followed by left or bi-atrial enlargement in 07 dogs, dilated cardiomyopathy in 06 dogs, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 03 dogs and pericardial effusion in 02 dogs.

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