Embora a crise no abastecimento de água na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) tenha se manifestado de maneira mais intensa no verão de 2013-2014, ela revela um problema crônico que vem afetando toda a Região nos últimos dez anos. Esse problema foi gerado pela falta de um planejamento estratégico que considere questões climatológicas que podem indicar, com meses de antecedência, problemas de recomposição dos níveis dos mananciais, permitindo que ações sejam empreendidas com razoável antecedência, reduzindo os impactos para a população. Este estudo mostra como é possível utilizar informações climáticas na gestão estratégica do sistema de abastecimento da RMSP.
Although undergraduate students have great access to environmental information, it does not mean that an environmental behavior is being developed. With the use of a scale applied to 1035 university students from Brazil and Portugal, it was examined how the environmental behavior of these students is structured. Using multivariate statistical techniques, it was verified that there is a similarity in the environmental behavior of both groups, with environmental beliefs being manifested by an opposition to the anthropocentric view. The environmental attitudes have the concerns related to the environment as their predecessor. These concerns influence the option to control economic growth, which is reinforced by the ecocentric point of view of the respondents and is manifested by the perspective of a decrease in production and in consumption as well as the promotion of welfare. Although there is a tendency, the option for green consumption is not fully accomplished.
With the increase of Brazilian economic growth and, consequently, the level of construction activity, the generation of residues from this sector is an important problem to be solved. Alternatives to recycle these residues, often in the composition of new materials, and developing models and management tools have been studied in several papers presented to the technical means in order to mitigate the effects caused by the impact of construction on the environment. However, the absence of public policies that consider the generation, handling and disposal of these wastes as a real problem, are still the biggest obstacle in the adoption of sustainable practices. This paper presents the general aspects of the management of waste generated by construction operations and demolition works to reform the Palestra Italia Arena (Allianz Parque) in the city of São Paulo by means of activities of recycling and reuse of these materials on the construction site of the works. The management of the demolition wastes produced in the construction work allowed significant economic gains, reducing transportation costs and acquisition of natural raw materials. The great part of the total amount of waste produced could be characterized as Class A.
A construção civil é um dos setores econômicos que primeiro responde a estímulos e condições favoráveis da economia de um país. Este ramo industrial também é um importante agente de desenvolvimento nacional, pois é responsável por grande parte do emprego gerado nacionalmente, além de ter um papel fundamental na redução do déficit habitacional e de infraestrutura. Contudo, esta indústria está também ligada à geração de grandes volumes de resíduos que, muitas vezes, são destinados de forma inadequada, causando impactos aomeio ambiente, tanto natural quanto urbano. A essa situação soma-se ainda a grande necessidade de utilização de matérias-primas naturais por parte deste setor produtivo, o que aumenta o impacto ambiental de suas atividades. Tanto no Brasil como em Portugal, o setor da construção civil se destaca promovendo benefícios econômicos e sociais. Entretanto, ambos os países enfrentam a mesma problemática em relação aos volumes de resíduos gerados, além da destinação e manejo realizados de forma inadequada. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre os aspectos normativos e legislações que regem a geração, o manejo e a gestão de resíduos de construção civil no Brasil e em Portugal, de forma a encontrar pontos em comum entre ambas as nações. Por meio das informações coletadas, verifica-se que ambos os países têm mecanismos legislativos e normativos com o objetivo comum de regular e fiscalizar a geração e a destinação dos resíduos de construção e demolição. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a discussão da problemática em torno dos resíduos de construção ainda carece de amadurecimento nos dois países.
The generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Maputo grew from 2007 to 2017. Annual generation of the MSW increased from 319,010 tons in 2007 to 433,985 tons in 2017 and waste disposal in the dumpsite increased from 127,385 to 365,000. These numbers indicate that in 2007, waste disposal in dumpsite it was 39.93% from the total generated and in 2017, it was 84.10% of the total generated. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the evolution of MSW generation in Maputo municipality as a function of population growth and the variation of Maputo City's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2007 to 2017. GDP varied, population and generation of MSW grew at different rates. At this time, the economy slowed down, and GDP fell from 7.4% to 6.8% due to the country's financial crisis. Although the national GDP and, consequently, of Maputo city fell significantly during this period, waste generation continued to grow because of the continuous migration of people from the other provinces to the capital city of Maputo. According to INE [1], the population of Maputo city had the lowest national growth, increasing slightly from 1,111,638 inhabitants in 2007 to 1,120,867 inhabitants in 2017, representing a population growth of 0.8%. During this period, MSW generation increased by 26.50%. The average capitation rate increased slightly from 0.96 kg/(inhab.day) in 2007 to 1.06 kg/(inhab.day).
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