The generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Maputo grew from 2007 to 2017. Annual generation of the MSW increased from 319,010 tons in 2007 to 433,985 tons in 2017 and waste disposal in the dumpsite increased from 127,385 to 365,000. These numbers indicate that in 2007, waste disposal in dumpsite it was 39.93% from the total generated and in 2017, it was 84.10% of the total generated. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the evolution of MSW generation in Maputo municipality as a function of population growth and the variation of Maputo City's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2007 to 2017. GDP varied, population and generation of MSW grew at different rates. At this time, the economy slowed down, and GDP fell from 7.4% to 6.8% due to the country's financial crisis. Although the national GDP and, consequently, of Maputo city fell significantly during this period, waste generation continued to grow because of the continuous migration of people from the other provinces to the capital city of Maputo. According to INE [1], the population of Maputo city had the lowest national growth, increasing slightly from 1,111,638 inhabitants in 2007 to 1,120,867 inhabitants in 2017, representing a population growth of 0.8%. During this period, MSW generation increased by 26.50%. The average capitation rate increased slightly from 0.96 kg/(inhab.day) in 2007 to 1.06 kg/(inhab.day).
The understanding of a sustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) management plan requires proper education and awareness by all the stakeholders. Uncoordinated disposal pattern of MSW, nonchalant attitude of the authorities and stakeholders, weak legislation and policies among others have contributed to the increasing human health risk, greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the degradation of the environment at large. Currently, Mozambique is faced with the problems of indiscriminate dumpsites in most of its major cities. Hence, this study aims at enlightening the stakeholders on their roles towards a sustainable MSW management through an education and outreach model. The methodology employed in this study was an integrated concept with four main components, which includes principal actors, routes, procedures, and people. However, in conclusion, the integration of this conceptual model into the existing MSW management framework in Mozambique is likely to promote environmental consciousness amongst the people. Furthermore, aesthetic, pollution-free, as well as a sustainable environment is assured.
The objective of this work is to evaluate the amount of CH 4 , CO 2 and SO 2 that is currently emitted by the Hulene dump into the atmosphere. The work consisted in measuring these three gases using an S360 multigasometer that simultaneously measures eight gases. Measurements were made in April, May, June, July, August and September, which are considered the dry season in Maputo city. Measurements were made at 18 points of gas release pipes installed by the Municipality of Maputo. point p10, presents the highest value of 2.56 and 2.59 (% vol of CH 4 ), respectively in the months of April and May. point p14 had the highest value of 2.95 (% vol of CH 4 ) in April and 2.28 (% vol of CH 4 ) in May. point p15 presented values of 2.78 and 2.72 (% vol of CH 4 ), respectively in the months of August and September. points p10, p14 and p15 showed higher values of CH 4 in April, May, August and September. points p9 to p13 showed marked variations of CO 2 in the months of July, August and September. point p10 presented the highest value of 2.56 and 2.59 (ppm of CO 2 ), respectively in the months of April and May. point p14 showed the highest value of 2.95 (ppm CO 2 ) in April and 2.28 (ppm CO 2 ) in May. point p15 presented the highest value of 5,000 ppm of CO 2 in August and September. In April, points p1 to p6 showed values above 100 ppm of SO 2 and dropped drastically from point p7 to 3 ppm of SO 2 . In April, p6 reached 137 ppm of SO 2 . In August and September, the values gradually increased, reaching 178 ppm of SO 2 at point p18.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMOO presente trabalho avalia a viabilidade agronômica de um biossólido, resultante da mistura de lodo da estação de tratamento de esgotos (ETE) da indústria de refrigerantes, palha de soja e terra para a cultura de couve Brassica oleleracea da variedade tronchuda. O ensaio de campo foi realizado em um solo caracteristicamente pedalférico, destacando-se os solos vermelhos argiloarenosos, diferenciados na base da textura média ou argilosa, de camada superficial castanho-avermelhada no período de fevereiro a junho de 2012. O biossólido produzido apresentou uma relação nutricional de 0,5:1,0:0,2. O campo de ensaio foi dividido em nove parcelas. Três delas foram tratadas com o biossólido, três com adubo mineral e as três restantes foram definidas como parcelas de controle. Nas parcelas tratadas com biossólido foram adicionadas 30 gramas dele em cada pé de couve. A produtividade relativa foi definida tendo em conta os parâmetros: altura da planta, comprimento da folha, largura da folha e peso da folha. O biossólido melhorou a fertilidade do solo, o estado nutricional e a produtividade da couve superando a parcela de controle em cerca de 40,3%. Porém, teve uma eficiência relativamente menor que a parcela de adubação mineral, na ordem de 48,7%, podendo se considerar que o biossólido teve um rendimento mais próximo ao de adubação mineral. Os resultados mostram que o biossólido produzido a partir do lodo da estação de tratamento de esgotos da indústria de refrigerantes incrementa a produtividade do solo.Palavras-chave: Lodo de ETE, biossólido, fertilidade do solo, couve Brassica oleleracea. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IntroduçãoA compostagem é definida como uma bioxidação aeróbia exotérmica de um substrato orgânico heterogêneo, caracterizado pela produção de dióxido de carbono, água, substâncias minerais e formação de matéria orgânica estável [1]. Dentre os vários substratos usados para a compostagem, pode-se destacar o lodo de esgoto em razão do elevado teor de matéria orgânica em sua composição, que pode representar mais de 50% de sua matéria seca, dependendo do sistema de tratamento de esgoto utilizado [2]. Outros importantes constituintes do lodo são hidrocarbonetos, aminoácidos, proteínas ou lípidos, proporções de nitrogênio e fósforo, tendo em conta o tipo de esgoto gerado [1]. O lodo de esgoto é um subproduto resultante de tratamento de águas residuais, mas pode ser utilizado na forma de composto, para correção de solo, em função do seu teor de nutrientes e matéria orgânica, melhorando a fertilidade e propriedades físicas dos solos e aumentando a produtividade agrícola [3,4].A aplicação agrícola fornece uma alternativa de baixo custo para a disposição do lodo, mas é essencial que ele seja estabilizado antes da sua aplicação para minimizar potenciais problemas ambientais, tais como: patógenos, metais pesados e compostos orgân...
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