Les normes dominantes de la masculinité contre la domination masculine ? Batailles conjugales au Mali « L'assujettissement économique est un des moyens les plus puissants de domination des hommes dont ni les femmes ni leurs familles ne se privent » (Le Cour Grandmaison 1971 : 214).
« Guides, guidons et guitares » Authenticité et guides touristiques au Mali 1. Moussa était un des guides les plus fins et les plus créatifs que j'ai eu la chance de rencontrer. Ce texte veut lui rendre hommage.
Jean-Didier Urbain, one of the most prolific French anthropologists on tourism (currently professor at the University of Versailles/Saint Quentin en Yvelines), agreed to be interviewed by us for this special issue of Tourist Studies. In France, he is probably the best known of all the academics who have written on tourism but his books are hardly ever mentioned in the American and British literature, except maybe On the Beach, his only book translated in English so far (Urbain, 2003). Jean Didier Urbain focuses on the imagery and the semiology of tourism to unveil the 'collective imaginary' and its sign-filled systems behind its seeming superficiality. His works on the history of the tourist (rather than of tourism) and its various contemporary figures leads him reject the long-debated distinction between the tourist and the traveller or more precisely to cast it into newer terms, especially the figure of the 'residential vacationer'. Despite (and against) the disdain often manifested by the French academic milieu for tourism as an anthropological matter, Jean-Didier Urbain shows how tourism-and the representations which are intimately woven in our tourist practises-questions the link between mobility and sedentariness in the modern society. AD and OE: At what moment in your academic career did you become interested in tourism? JDU: I started at university by studying philosophy, with a particular interest in epistemology. I then moved on to anthropology, by way of a detour in linguistics. My first academic work was on the subject of death. I wrote a Master's dissertation in 1974 on the syntax of Germanic epitaphs in cemeteries in Germany,
Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 15 juin 2020. © Cahiers d'Études africaines Penser les masculinités en Afrique et au-delà Cahiers d'études africaines, 209-210 | 2013 Penser les masculinités en Afrique et au-delà Cahiers d'études africaines, 209-210 | 2013 Penser les masculinités en Afrique et au-delà Cahiers d'études africaines, 209-210 | 2013 Penser les masculinités en Afrique et au-delà Cahiers d'études africaines, 209-210 | 2013
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Malgré l’intérêt porté depuis les années 80 à la question de leur écriture, les anthropologues se sont montrés largement réticents à exploiter les notes de leurs pairs. Liée à la théorie interprétative de Geertz, cette prudence se justifie variablement selon le type de notes produites. Lorsqu’elle évite l’écueil de l’interprétation, leur analyse peut nourrir les controverses émanant des « revisites » des classiques de la discipline, révélant les processus de conversion que l’écriture impose aux données. Indices de ces remaniements, les notes de terrain peuvent également éclairer leur première transformation au moment même de l’enquête. Au coeur de cette double métamorphose, les notes prises par Marcel Griaule durant les célèbres conversations avec Ogotemmêli (1946) témoignent de l’entreprise de reconstruction et d’idéologisation à laquelle s’est livré l’ethnologue, mais aussi de la progression de son raisonnement sur le terrain, discernable non seulement dans le contenu, mais dans la forme même de ses notes.
The Dogon Masks: From the Object of the Musée de l'Homme, to the Man as an Item of the Museum. — From Dogon masks to the people through the evolution of Dogon masks since they entered the Musee de l'Homme (Paris) in the 1930s till today, light is shed on how the village of Sangha, a high place of tourism and ethnology in Dogonland (Mali), has turned into a museum. Seen in research in the museum and ethnological sciences as objects bearing witness to a culture and not for themselves, these masks have, despite their dynamism, been reduced to illustrating tradition as part of a founding myth. The masks in situ are still seen in this way by ethnologists and tourists. Dances with the masks in Sangha are analyzed: the dynamic dimension of these objects is kept from view, and what is shown is the fixed image of a "live" museum.
This issue of Tourist Studies was born out of a meeting, and out a question raised by that meeting. In October 2006, Anne Doquet and Olivier Evrard organized two study days at the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (Institute of Research for Development-IRD) in Paris, entitled 'Tourism, mobility and the commodification of identities'. 1 The idea was to bring together researchers from different social science disciplines (mainly anthropologists, but also sociologists, geographers and historians) to explore the role of tourism in modern issues of identity. The organizers were lucky to be able to welcome two Anglo-Saxon sociologists, Adrian Franklin and John Hutnyk, but they had more difficulty in identifying and gathering a sufficient number of French researchers with long experience of working on this theme. Admittedly, these difficulties were partly due to problems of availability, notably for two recognized French specialists on tourism, Jean-Didier Urbain and Michel Picard (see their contributions in this issue). A growing number of young French-speaking sociologists and anthropologists are now working on tourism, as testified by the articles presented here and several doctoral theses in progress. But the question remains: why has this theme been ignored for so long in French anthropology and sociology, while during the same period it has given rise to numerous works in English? How can we explain the French disinterest in a subject which, ironically, has often been approached in the UK and the USA on the basis of a conceptual frame provided by what is called the 'French theory'? 2 In France, tourism was rarely considered a serious subject, and this disparagement has led to its neglect both in research and in higher education in the social sciences.Today it is still dealt with mainly within vocational education sectors, which train more than 30,000 students 3 every year and offer a number of diplomas in law, economics, management, communication and hotel management. 4 Over the last three or four decades, only geography has really given tourism a place as a fully fledged subject of study.As early as 1971, the national geography committee created a specialized commission on the geography of tourism and leisure activities. Its work led to the creation of 'models' that are still used today for the development of tourist sites and the publication of several handbooks on the geography of tourism (seven of which were published between 1992 and ts
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