Objective This study aimed to identify factors predicting diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Participants were selected from five primary health centers in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia using the multistage sampling method. A total of 127 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited. Data were collected by questionnaires which were the general diabetes knowledge, the Beliefs of Treatment Effectiveness, the Diabetes Distress Scale, the Self-efficacy for Diabetes Scale, the brief Chronic Illness Resources Survey, the Situational Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multiple linear regression with stepwise method was used toanalyze the data. Results The scores of seven questionnaires (i.e, diabetes knowledge, perceived benefit of diabetes self-management, diabetes distress, perceived self-efficacy, social support, situational influence, and diabetes self-management) were 13.75 ± 3.59, 34.9 ± 4.89, 3.03 ± 0.86, 3.60 ± 0.53, 27.79 ± 5.56, 3.27 ± 0.58,3.81 ± 1.08, respectively. The significant predictors of diabetes self-management were treatment, perceived self-efficacy, and situational influences. These variables explained 20.8% (adjusted R 2 = 0.208) of the variance in diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malang City. Conclusion Diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus could be improved by enhancing their perceived self-efficacy to achieve their self-management behavior, such as having a healthy diet, exercising regularly, actively monitoring blood glucose level, taking medication and foot care, and providing support to promote good situational influence.

Background Hypertension is a major public health threat affecting adults worldwide. The low hypertension management knowledge causes uncontrolled high blood pressure and it’s a complication. It requires patients with uncontrolled hypertension to increase adherence to either pharmacological therapy or nonpharmacological therapy aimed at achieving normal blood pressure. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a short-term educational program on hypertension management related knowledge and attitude among uncontrolled hypertension patients in Malang, Indonesia. Methods The research design used a Quasi-Experimental study with the design of one group pre-post-test. The participants were 41 uncontrolled hypertension patients chosen by purposive sampling at the Ciptomulyo Public Health Center. The questionnaires were used to collect the data. The Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) questionnaire was used to determine the knowledge of uncontrolled hypertension patients. KAP questionnaire was used to determine the attitude of the participants. The data were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results The majority of respondents were aged 55–65 (54%), female (83%), housewife (76%), graduated elementary school (71%), and long suffered from hypertension >1 year (68%). The result showed that the provision of the educational program increases knowledge (p = 0,000) and attitude (p = 0,008) of patients on the management of hypertension. Conclusion Health education could improve hypertension management knowledge and attitude among uncontrolled hypertension in the rural area. Furthermore, Health providers should consider giving the education among uncontrolled hypertension.

(3,89, p= 0,07) but not in the control group (0,78;p=0,317 PENDAHULUANTidur merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia yang ditandai dengan aktivitas fisik yang minimal, penurunan kesadaran, perubahan proses fisiologi tubuh dan penurunan respon terhadap rangsangan dari luar. Tidur mempunyai manfaat besar bagi tubuh. Manfaat tidur antara lain dapat mengembalikan kesimbangan dan aktivitas saraf pusat pada level normal. Tidur juga bermanfaat untuk sintesis protein yang memungkinkan terjadinya proses perbaikan (1). Memperoleh kualitas tidur terbaik penting untuk peningkatan kesehatan dan pemulihan individu yang sakit (2).Sebagian besar lansia mempunyai risiko tinggi mengalami gangguan tidur akibat berbagai faktor. Luce dan Segal mengungkapkan bahwa faktor usia merupakan faktor terpenting yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas tidur (3). Dikatakan bahwa keluhan terhadap kualitas tidur meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Pada usia di atas 55 tahun terjadi proses penuaan secara alamiah yang menimbulkan masalah fisik, mental, sosial, ekonomi, dan psikologis. Orang lanjut usia yang sehat sering mengalami perubahan pada pola tidurnya yaitu memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk dapat tidur. Mereka menyadari lebih sering terbangun dan hanya sedikit waktu yang dapat digunakan untuk tahap tidur dalam sehingga mereka tidak puas terhadap kualitas tidurnya (3).Saat ini, di seluruh dunia jumlah orang lanjut usia diperkirakan ada 500 juta dengan usia ratarata 60 tahun dan diperkirakan pada tahun 2025 akan mencapai 1,2 milyar (3). Pada tahun 2010 diperkirakan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia, sebesar 24 juta jiwa atau 9,77 % dari total jumlah penduduk. Di Indonesia pada kelompok usia empat puluh tahun hanya dijumpai 7% yang mengeluh masalah tidur. Sedangkan pada kelompok usia tujuh puluh tahun dijumpai 22% mengalami gangguan tidur waktu malam hari (3).Gangguan tidur dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada kemampuan intelektual, motivasi yang rendah, ketidakstabilan emosional, depresi bahkan resiko gangguan penyalahgunaan zat. Pilihan untuk mengatasinya antara lain latihan tidur higienis, latihan relaksasi dan terapi pengontrolan stimulus yang kesemuanya dapat dipadukan dengan pengobatan bila diindikasikan. Beberapa golongan obat yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memodifikasi irama sirkardian meliputi kolinergik, kortikosteroid, antidepresan, anti manik dan agen anastesi, seperti anastesi lokal dan hipnotis (4).Penggunaan obat-obatan untuk induksi tidur memiliki kerugian atau keterbatasan, meliputi harga, efek samping dan toleransi terhadap obat tidur berkembang dengan cepat (4). Trisiklik antidepresan dan biasanya diberikan untuk mengatasi gangguan tidur, tetapi memiliki efek menurunkan dan fase REM pada tidur (5). Penggunaan Flurazepam yang merupakan obat golongan hipnotik meningkatkan insiden efek samping toksik dengan bertambahnya usia. Obat antidepresan meskipun menjadi yang paling berefek dan paling sering digunakan untuk mengatasi gangguan tidur pada depresi adalah kolinergik yang paling kuat dan seharusnya dihindari oleh sebag...

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify predictors of promotive behaviours in mothers of Indonesian children with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive survey was administered to 245 mothers who were caring for children with ARFID. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. For descriptive data analysis, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, and multiple linear regression were employed.ResultsThe factors related to promotive behaviours in these mothers were embodied in mutual parenting, especially in terms of childcare (p = 0.001 < 0.05) and interaction with children (p = 0.001 < 0.05. Additionally, multiple linear regression showed that mutual parenting remained at the communication domain, with children as the primary predictor (β 0.401, p 0.001), where the number of children (β −0.201, p = 0.008) influenced the promotive behaviours.ConclusionsThis study found that the number of children and mutual parenting in interacting with children were key factors that influenced promotive behaviours in mothers of children with ARFID. We suggest that nursing interventions can potentially improve promotive behaviours in this population.

Latar belakang: Pengetahuan perawatan kesehatan organ reproduksi sangat penting untuk remaja terutama remaja putri, karena pada saat usia remaja terjadi perkembangan yang sangat dinamis baik secara biologi maupun psikologi. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini tentang bagaimana merawat organ reproduksi pada remaja usia 12-20 tahun dengan benar masih sangatlah kurang, itu terbukti dari hasil survey terdapat 25% remaja di panti asuhan mengalami masalah kesehatan reproduksi karena kurangnya pengetahuan, dan perilaku remaja yang buruk.Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran  pengetahuan perawatan organ reproduksi pada remaja.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini di lakukan pada bulan Juni 2018. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 37 responden. Tehnik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling.Hasil penelitian: di dapatkan hasil dari 37 responden dengan usia 12-15 tahun memiliki pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 16 orang (43,24%), sedangkan responden dengan usia 16-18 tahun memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 7 orang (18,91%).Simpulan: Semakin baik pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh remaja tentang perawatan organ reproduksi maka tindakan pencegahan penyakit juga akan semakin baik, sebaliknya jika remaja memiliki pengetahuan buruk tentang perawatan organ reproduksi maka tindakan pencegahan penyakit juga berlangsung buruk.

Tuberculosis and malnutrition are serious problems. Tuberculosis causes malnutrition that potentially lessen patients’ immunity and increase the risk for activating tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to the low nutritional status among tuberculosis patients in Malang City. This research applied a corelational study. The subjects involved were tuberculosis patients with BMI<18.5. Chi-square and Fisher Exact Test were used to analyse the identified factors. Moreover, binary logistic regression to identify factors related to the low nutritional status among tuberculosis patients in Malang City. This study found almost half of participants (46.8%) had poor family knowledge about dietary TB patients. More than half of the participant’s culture (62.5%) was abstinence. A more than half of participant (59.6%) had Moderate malnutritions. There was no significant correlation between low nutritional satus and variable of gender p=1.000, education p=0.404, family knowledge p=0.767, and culture p=0.310. The significant correlation was occupational status with p=0.043. The binary logistic regression showed that tuberculosis patient with unoccupied are 1.286 times more likely to have a low nutritional status. Occupational status was the one factor that significantly related to the low nutritional status among TB patients in Malang City.

ABSTRAKDukungan sosial merupakan suatu hubungan interpersonal dimana individu satu memberikan dukungan kepada individu yang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak karies gigi usia 4-6 tahun. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian korelasional dengan desain penelitian Kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sample 62 keluarga dan anak usia 4-6 tahun. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner. Analisa data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank (Rho) dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku anak karies gigi usia 4-6 tahun dalam melakukan perawatan gigi dan mulut. Dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank (Rho) didapatkan P-Value 0,027 (Dukungan Keluarga dan Perilaku Anak karies gigi) P>0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan H1 diterima. Terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku anak karies gigi usia 4-6 tahun dalam melakukan perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Kata Kunci: Dukungan Keluarga, perilaku,usia 4-6 tahun, karies gigi, kesehatn gigi dan mulut. ABSTRACKSocial support is an interpersonal relation which one individual provides support to another individual. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of family support and behavior of 4 -6 years old in doing dental and oral care. The research method used correlation research with quantitative approach. The participants of this reseach were 62 families who have children aged 4 to 6. The data analysis used Spearman Rank (Rho) correlation test that is carried out to discover the correlation between family support and behavior of 4 -6 years old in doing dental and oral care. The result showed that P= 0,027. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between family support and the behavior of children aged 4-6 years in performing dental and oral health care.

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine breastfeeding trends and factors in Indonesia using Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from 2007 to 2017. The research data were obtained from three Indonesia Demographic Health Surveys. The data covered households and women aged 15‒49 years old, including 40,701 households and 32,895 women in 2007; 43,852 households and 45,607 women in 2012; and 47,963 households and 49,627 women in 2017. Descriptive statistics was deployed to analyze the sociodemographic factors of the respondents. A questionnaire was employed to obtain data on the mothers' age, residence, education, economic status, mother working, marital status, literacy, place of delivery, first Antenatal Care (ANC) place, child size at birth, and gender of the child. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors related to breastfeeding and how big the impact is. The findings indicate that the trend of breastfeeding in Indonesia significantly decreased based on the characteristics of mothers and children. The rates of breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding infants aged 0‒5 months who received only breast milk) among mothers living in urban areas decreased significantly from 41.6% in 2012 to 38.4% in 2017. In 2017, children with normal birth weight (OR=0.87, 95% CI:0.53‒1.45), boys (OR=1.01, 95% CI:0.92‒1.10), and non-illiterate mothers (OR=0.50, 95% CI:0.46‒0.55) had higher odds of breastfeeding compared to children with small birth weight, girls, and illiterate mothers. Factors associated with breastfeeding also change every year. In 2012, breastfeeding was related to marital status and delivery, but in 2017 it was not associated with those factors. Factors related to breastfeeding in Indonesia are age, residence, education, weight index, size of child at birth, mother’s occupation, marital status, literacy, place of delivery, and first ANC place. These results are important for developing policies to improve maternal and child health in Indonesia by increasing education and mother training for early initiation of breastfeeding.