This research was conducted to study the effect of fertilizer types and photoperiod on the nutrient content of regrowth I on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The variables measured were nutrient content i.e dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fat (CF). The research applied statistical analysis Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern 5x3 and t-test. If it resulted in a significant effect, it was continued with Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The first factor was types of fertilizer consisted of P0=control, P1=green fertilizer and dolomite, P2=manure, green fertilizer and dolomite, P3=dolomite, and P4=green fertilizer® and dolomite. The second factor was the photoperiod consisted of C0=12 h, C1=16 h, and C3=20 h. The results showed that the fertilizer types treatments were significantly affected (P<0,05) regrowth I DM, and regrowth I CF. While photoperiod treatment were significantly affected (P<0,05) regrowth I DM, regrowth I OM, and regrowth I CF. The interaction between the types of fertilizer and photoperiod treatment was significantly affected (P<0,05) regrowth I DM and CF. Based on research results, it can be concluded that the types of green fertilizer from PIAT and dolomite to produce the nutrient content regrowth I was the highest, resulting in 22,18% DM, 29,32% CP, 9,38% CF respectively. The nutrient content of regrowth I that produce the highest results of photoperiod was 12 h = 28,80% CP, 16 h = 20,92% DM, 20 h = 89,38% OM, 9,16% CF.

Aims This in vitro study aimed to examine the effect of proportions of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) to Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) or levels of corn oil (CO) and their interaction on ruminal fermentation, methane (CH4) production and fatty acid profile. Methods The experiment was conducted as a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement following a completely randomised design with two factors. The treatments were according to the proportion of Leucaena and Napier grass (in g/kg DM, Treatment (T)1 = 0:750 (control), T2 = 250:500, T3 = 500:250, T4 = 750:0). Three levels of CO (in mg rumen fluid, CO1 = 0, CO2 = 10, CO3 = 20 respectively) were added to each of the diet, giving a total 12 dietary treatments. Key results Replacing Napier grass with Leucaena at 500 g/kg (T3) and 750 g/kg (T4) levels increased the molar volatile fatty acid concentration, microbial protein synthesis (P &lt; 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (P = 0.003), whereas ruminal protozoa concomitantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05). The addition of CO at 10 mg also reduced the number of ruminal protozoa compared with the control (P &lt; 0.001). A significant Leucaena × CO interaction was observed on the increase of ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis, and CH4 production was simultaneously suppressed (P &lt; 0.001). There was also a significant Leucaena × CO interaction on increasing concentration of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-10 cis-12 and α-linolenic acid, which thus contributed to the increase of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulation in the culture (P &lt; 0.001). However, the concentration of C18:0 was not influenced by the treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the inclusion of Leucaena into a Napier grass-based diet at 500 g/kg and 750 g/kg DM positively affected rumen fermentation, reduced CH4 formation and increased beneficial fatty acids in the rumen. Although CO had similar positive effects on CH4 production and targeted beneficial fatty acids, it reduced the microbial protein synthesis at inclusion of 20 mg/mL DM. Overall, there were synergistic interactions between Leucaena and CO in reducing CH4 production and improving the fatty acid profile in the rumen. Implications It is possible to improve animal productivity while reducing the environmental impact of livestock production through inclusion of tannin-containing Leucaena and CO in ruminant diets in tropical regions where C4 grasses typically have low nutritive value.

This research was carried out to examine the chicory forage yields on different regrowth which were intercropped with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (dwarf elephant grass) on different regrowth due to various harvest age. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture, Faculty of Animal Science UGM for 7 months, with a split-plot design and analyzed by Duncan with a total of 9 plots and an area of 2.5x2.5 m2 for each plot. The main plot was the harvest age treatment (30, 45, and 60 days) and the subplot was the regrowth (first and second). In the first stage, as many as 9 cuttings of dwarf elephant grass in one plot were planted with a spacing of 1x1 m2 until the plant height reaches 10 to 15 cm, then the chicory seeds were spread among the dwarf elephant grass plants with the sand mixture. The results showed the harvest age had a significant effect (P<0.05) on chicory's plant height, fresh forage yield, dry matter content, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The 30 to 45 days harvest age performed a higher fresh production more than the 45 days to 60 days harvest age. The 60 days harvest age and second regrowth yielded the highest mixed fresh production compared to the other harvest ages, namely from 12.50 ton/ha to 25.26 ton/ha. Based on the research results showed that the older the harvest age (60 days) increased the biomass of plant production but decreased the plant digestibility. The second regrowth was able to produce higher than the first regrowth, but there was no significant effect on the dry matter content and forage digestibility.

INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan high quality feed supplement (HQFS) pada ransum sapi perah awal laktasi terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien. Dua belas ekor sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein (PFH) milik Koperasi Warga Mulya, Sleman dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari empat ekor, yaitu kontrol (K), perlakuan substitusi (S), dan perlakuan suplementasi/aditif (A). Ternak kelompok K hanya mendapatkan pakan dari koperasi sedangkan S, selain mendapatkan pakan dari koperasi, juga mendapatkan pakan tambahan HQFS 300 g/hari/liter susu yang dihasilkan ternak, tetapi konsentrat Warga Mulya dikurangi sebesar pemberian HQFS. Kelompok A mendapatkan pakan dari koperasi dan HQFS 300 g/hari/liter susu. Variabel yang diamati adalah konsumsi dan kecernaan bahan kering (BK), protein kasar (PK), total digestible nutrients (TDN), bahan organik (BO), serat kasar (SK), lemak kasar (LK), dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi rancangan acak lengkap pola searah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi BK, untuk K 14,32 kg, S 14,09 kg, dan A 17,44 kg, dan konsumsi PK, yaitu K 1,25 kg/ekor/hari, S 1,48, dan A 1,88 kg/ekor/hari. Konsumsi TDN (K:S:A) yaitu (6,59: 6,78: 6,94) kg dan kecernaan PK yaitu A (66,09%), S (59,77%), dan K (54,66%) dan kecernaan BETN yaitu A (75,30%), S (73,11%), dan K (70,69%) juga berbeda (P<0,05). Pemberian aditif HQFS pada sapi perah PFH awal laktasi memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan konsumsi nutrien, kecernaan protein dan BETN.(Kata kunci: High quality feed supplement, Sapi perah, Konsumsi, Kecernaan) ABSTRACT The research was intended to know the effect of high quality feed supplement (HQFS) in the ration of first lactation dairy cow on nutrient consumption and digestibility. Twelve dairy cows of Friesian Holstein crossbred from the Cooperative of Warga Mulya, Sleman. They were divided into three groups of treatment, namely control (K), substitution treatment (S), and supplementation treatment (A). Each treatment consisted of four cows. Group K fed concentrate only from Warga Mulya, while group S beside concentrate from Warga Mulya, amount of HQFS 300 gram/liter of milk produced was offered, and concentrate was reduced as much as the additional feed of HQFS. Group A was offered by concentrate Warga Mulya plus HQFS additionally for 300 gram/liter of milk per day. Water was provided ad libitum. The variable measured consisted of the feed consumption and digestion (dry matter (BK), crude protein (PK), total digestible nutrient (TDN), organic component (BO), crude fiber (SK), crude fat (LK), and nitrogenfree extract (BETN)). The variants of collected data were analyzed, using Completely Randomized PendahuluanPeriode awal laktasi yaitu trimester pertama atau yang disebut 100 hari pertama laktasi merupakan periode kritis bagi kinerja sapi perah khususnya yang berproduksi tinggi, pada masa ini sering ditandai dengan tidak tercukupinya 81

The goal of this study was to ascertain the impact of soybean meal's temperature and heating duration as undegraded protein (UDP) on Bali cattle's dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradation kinetics. Soybean meal is a feed ingredient with high protein content, which is about 48%, and is rapidly degraded in the rumen. In this investigation, a  factorial design was employed with the first factor being temperature (60, 80, 100, and 120°C), and the second factor being heating time (10, 20, 30, and 40 min). Protected soybean meal was tested for degradation using the in sacco technique on the rumen of fistulous Bali cattle. A sample of 5.0 g was put into a nylon bag and then for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h in the rumen, then analyzed for feed residues for DM and OM. The results showed that soybean meal protected by the heating method could reduce the degradation of DM and OM in the rumen (p<0.05). Heating at 120°C for 40 min showed the lowest DM and OM degradations in this study.

The investigation was expected to assess various mineral mixture supplementation impacts on Brahman crossbred cows' blood biochemical, hematological profiles and pregnancy rate. This study used ninety Brahman crossbred cows divided into three dietary treatment groups (n = 30/group). The dietary treatments were: Concentrate and rice straw only as control treatment; control diet + mineral mixture A-formulation as MM-A treatment; and control diet + mineral mixture B-formulation as MM-B treatment. The concentration of MM-B (including calcium, phosphor, cobalt, copper, sulphur, potassium, zinc, manganese, magnesium, sodium, selenium and iron) was higher than MM-A. The mineral mixture was added to 0.5 kg/100 kg of diet. The concentrate mix and rice straw were restricted to 3 kg and 20 kg/day (as-fed basis). Feeding treatment was conducted until four months. Blood sampling and estrous synchronization were carried out after three weeks of dietary treatments. The estrous synchronization aimed to equate the estrous cycle of each cow by using 25 mg prostaglandin F2α (Lutalyse™) (injection via intramuscular). Estrous signs were observed two days after synchronization. Artificial insemination was conducted at ten to twelve hours from estrous detection, inseminated with post-thawed frozen Belgian Blue bull sperm. Transrectal palpation was used to diagnose the cow's pregnancy 90 days after artificial insemination. The serum samples were analyzed for blood biochemical, hematology and mineral status. The results showed that MM-B supplementation significantly increased (p<0.05) serum calcium, phosphor, selenium and iron. There were no significant differences in serum glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen and hematological profile. The pregnancy rate in MM-B treatment was higher than MM-A and control treatment. The pregnancy rate in the MM-B treatment (20.7%) was higher than control (6.67%) and MM-A treatment (3.33%). It was concluded that mineral mixture supplementation improved the pregnancy rate and several blood components on Brahman Crossbred cows.

This research was conducted to determine the chemical quality and digestibility of silage varieties of Pennisetum purpuphoides and Pennisetum purpureum gamma supplemented with molasses at different levels. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) 2 x 3 factorial pattern. The first factor was Pennisetum varieties consisting of P. purpuphoides and P. purpureum gamma radiation. The second factor was the level of molasses supplementation, i.e., 0, 3, and 6 %, with 5 replications on each group. The selected variable is the chemical characteristics of silage, i.e., pH, DM, OM, CP, CF, and NNFE, TDN, NH3, and lactic acid of silage. Pennisetum purpureum gamma and 6% molasses supplementation produce silage with good chemical quality. The increase in the level of supplementation of molasses is inversely proportional to the pH, crude fiber and NH3 silage (P<0.05). Varieties markedly decreased curing pH, NH3, crude fiber, and silage concentration (P<0.05). The content of lactic acid, DM, CP, crude fiber, TDN, and NNFE significantly increased linearly with an increase in the level of molasses supplementations (P<0.05) and also significantly decreased CF levels (P<0.05), but not significantly different from the OM content (P>0.05). Varieties that showed changes in some parameters of the proposed chemical composition is towards decreasing crude fiber (P<0.05), but significantly increased on the composition of DM, OM, CP, and NNFE (P<0.05). Besides molasses supplementation at the 6% level on P. purpureum gamma varieties, their combinations showed improvements to produce the best chemical quality and digestibility of silage.

The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of different milking frequencies under an automatic milking system (AMS) on milk yield, plasma metabolite profiles and mammary arterial-venous (A-V) differences of milk precursors by mammary tissues in early lactation cows. Twelve Holstein cows were divided into two and four times milking frequency treatments by AMS after calving to 50 days postpartum. Cows were given a partial mixed ration ad libitum and a concentrate diet at every milking. Dry matter intake increased similarly in both treatments with advancing postpartum days. Milk yield was greater (P < 0.001) by 25% with four times milking, but milk composition was not affected by milking frequency. Body weight change was also not affected by milking frequency. Arterial concentrations of glucose and glutamate were lower (P < 0.05) for four times milking frequency. However, arterial concentration of nonesterified fatty acids did not differ between treatments. Although mammary A-V differences of plasma concentration for most milk precursors did not differ between treatments, estimated plasma flow was higher (P < 0.05) for four times milking frequency. These results indicate that higher milking frequency may increase mammary uptake of milk precursors, whereas may not affect the extent of fat mobilization of early lactating cows from day 20 postpartum onward.