A associação de extratos de origem vegetal com fungos entomopatogênicos pode aumentar a eficiência do controle biológico de pragas, reduzir custos e impactos ambientais. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se, através da concentração inibitória mínima, o efeito do óleo de nim (NIM-I-GO) sobre o crescimento, esporulação e viabilidade de Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana e Paecilomyces farinosus. Utilizou-se o meio BDA, contendo diferentes concentrações de óleo de nim (C1: 5% de óleo de nim, e sucessivamente concentrações iguais a ½ da concentração anterior, até C11: 0,0048% de óleo de nim). O óleo de nim reduziu o crescimento de colônias de B. bassiana e P. farinosus, que não diferiram significativamente do controle apenas na concentração C11, mas para M. anisopliae o mesmo efeito foi observado com 0,039% de óleo de nim (C8). A esporulação também foi significativamente reduzida pelo óleo de nim, exceto na concentração C11 para B. bassiana; contudo, não se verificou efeito do óleo na viabilidade de esporos dos fungos.
805Rev Bras Enferm 2006 nov-dez; 59(6): 805-7.Formação do enfermeiro para o cuidado: reflexões da prática profissional RESUMO Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo, que teve com objetivo realizar discussões acerca da formação do enfermeiro para o cuidado em uma perspectiva de mudança da prática profissional. As diretrizes curriculares para a profissão baseadas na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) têm como objetivo formar enfermeiros capazes de transformar a realidade prática da enfermagem brasileira. No entanto, percebemos que somente a implementação de tais diretrizes não possibilita a formação de profissionais críticos, reflexivos e transformadores da realidade. Descritores: Educação em enfermagem; Cuidado; Prática profissional; Enfermagem. ABSTRACT Ana Virgílio Melo Fialho Enfermeira. Doutora em Enfermagem Professora do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem e do CMACCLIS DA UECE,Fortaleza, CE. Artigo produzido na disciplina O Cuidado em Sí do Curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Cuidados Clínicos em Saúde(CMACCLIS) da Universidade Estadual do Ceará.(UECE). INTRODUÇÃOHistoricamente os enfermeiros destacaram-se por cuidar bem de seus clientes e de forma organizada, envolvendo disciplina e conhecimento científico. O cuidado, e todos os conceitos a ele inerentes (saúde, conforto, ajuda), nortearam sua prática clínica antes mesmo de fazerem parte do corpo das teorias de enfermagem.A formação do enfermeiro para o cuidado, como prática profissional, tem início em 1860, na Inglaterra Vitoriana com Florence Nightingale, onde ocorreu a categorização da equipe de enfermagem (Nurses e Lady-Nurses), havendo uma fragmentação das tarefas relacionadas ao cuidado, já que às ladies cabia o ensino e supervisão, e às nurses as tarefas manuais. Vale ressaltar que para Florence "a disciplina é a essência do treinamento'', tendo sido ali o início da docilização dos corpos da qual não conseguimos nos libertar até hoje (1) . Até em torno de 1940, o foco da enfermagem era centrado nas tarefas e procedimentos, sem levar em consideração a construção intelectual, fato este que ainda se reproduz, no que concerne, principalmente, aos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, que, dado o seu tempo de formação, são mais voltados para a técnica.Em 1950, a enfermagem passou a buscar princípios científicos, em outros saberes, focados no
e incubados a 27 ± 0,5ºC por nove dias, para iniciar a emergência dos adultos, e mais quatro dias à temperatura ambiente. A sobrevivência total do inseto foi substancialmente afetada. Observou-se a atividade patogênica a partir da fase pupal, com o fungo reduzindo (P < 0,05) a sobrevivência, o que também ocorreu na fase de adultos. A fase larval não foi afetada (P >0,05) pelo fungo. A presença de agrotóxicos no solo teve discreta ação na atividade de M. anisopliae; apenas com conídios secos incorporados, os fungicidas clorotalonil e tebuconazole reduziram em 86,2% e 82,5%, respectivamente, a sobrevivência total de C. capitata, enquanto no controle a redução foi de 95,0%. A forma de aplicação dos conídios não influenciou a sobrevivência total do inseto, mas a aplicação da suspensão de conídios na superfície do solo reduziu a sobrevivência nas fases de pupa e adulto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Controle biológico, controle microbiano, fungo entomopatogênico, mosca-.....das-frutas ABSTRACT -This research intended to investigate if the presence of pesticides in the soil could affect the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch. (Sorokin) for Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and assess the effect of conidia application as suspension or dry conidia. The fungicides chlorothalonyl and tebuconazol, the acaricide abamectin, the insecticide trichlorfon, and the herbicide ametrin were applied at the manufacturer-recommended doses. Soil samples were placed in glass flasks and were given the fungus as conidial suspension or dry. After pesticide application, 20 3 rd -instar larvae were placed in the soil. The flasks were sealed with voile fabric and incubated at 27 ± 0.5 o C for nine days, until adult emergence; incubation continued for four more days at room temperature. The total insect survival was significantly affected and pathogenic activity was detected from the pupa stage on. Pupa survival was reduced (P<0.05); the same occurred during the adult phase. No effect was observed at the larval stage. The pesticides applied to the soil affected the activity of M. anisopliae slightly: only in the dry conidia assay the fungicides chlorothalonyl and tebuconazole reduced (86.2% and 82.5%, respectively) the survival period of C. capitata compared to the control (95.0%). The techniques used for conidia application did not influence the total insect survival rate, but conidial suspension applied on soil surface reduced survival during the pupae and adult phases.
The study aimed at implementing the nursing process for a post-partum woman with cardiomyopathy after cardiorespiratory arrest. We conducted a clinical case study, in an intensive care unit of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, in the period from September to October, 2005. The data were obtained after evaluation for elaboration of Nursing Diagnoses according to NANDA Taxonomy II, clinical judgment, intervention and goals. The nursing diagnoses found were: impaired verbal communication, decreased cardiac output, inefficient respiratory pattern, excessive volume of fluids, diarrhea, impaired physical mobility and deficit in selfcare. We highlighted the importance of the process as focus of the nurse's work in the clinic, in order to favor the patient's return to his family context as well as give credibility to the nurse's job.
Objectives: to identify the applicability of the Phil Barker’s Tidal Model in mental health nursing care. Methods: an integrative literature review carried out by LILACS, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Data were collected from December 2017 to March 2018. After selecting the studies, the sample totaled 24 articles. Results: the articles are in English (91.7%), were published in nursing journals (87.5%), are reflective and/or theoretical (50%) and have level of evidence VII (79.2%). The model brings contributions to nursing science, enabling person-centered care, with an emphasis on interdisciplinary work, nurses’ protagonism and the empowerment of subjects in mental suffering. Final considerations: the use of the Tidal Model enables changes in nurses practice working in the context of mental health. Its application by nurses who work in mental health services in Brazil is recommended.
The present work aimed to verify the penetration pattern of the Metarhizium anisopliae fungus into Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick eggs, as well as the lesions occurred inside the egg. The fungus adherence and penetration were studied by scanning electron microscopy and the action of fungus in the internal tissues was evaluated through conventional histological sessions. For the observation of these events, experimental infections were performed in 11 groups of R. sanguineus eggs containing 25 mg each. The eggs were bathed during 3 minutes under manual shaking in a 10 8 conidia/mL suspension. The bath was performed only in the suspension vehicle for the control groups. The eggs were processed for histopathological analysis and scanning electron microscopy at the following times after infection: 1 and 18h and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, nine and eleven days. Relevant conidial germination was observed in 67% of eggs 18h after inoculation and fungus penetrated in 92.6% of eggs 5 days after the infection. The pathogen extrusion occurred in 87% of eggs 7 days after infection, reaching 100% at the 9 th day. In the histopathological analysis, no lesions worthy of record was observed, however, it should be emphasized that significant reduction (53.9%) of hatching from infected eggs was observed.
Objective To reflect on violence against children and adolescents in psychic suffering, and nursing care based on social phenomenology. Method Theoretical study based on the conceptions of Alfred Schütz. Results The subject in psychic suffering shows conflicts in family relationships, and is often immersed in a biographical situation that removes their autonomy, contributing violence itself. Violence is a social phenomenon expressed through power relations in the everyday world and, through group relationships, resulting in suffering for the victims. Conclusions Studies performed by Schütz enable a new look for the nursing care/health professionals who deal with this problem by allowing them to know the biographical situation, and have full stock of knowledge about their patients, their motivations and the meanings these patients attribute to their experiences. This enables the overcoming of the biomedical model and leads to valuing interpersonal relations from the perspective of a culture of peace.
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