An electroanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF), and orphenadrine (ORPH) using the square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) and a cathodically pretreated boron‐doped diamond electrode was developed. The method exhibits linear responses to PAR, CAF, and ORPH in the concentration ranges 5.4×10−7–6.1×10−5 M, 7.8×10−7–3.5×10−5 M, and 7.8×10−7–3.5×10−5 M, respectively, with detection limits of 2.3×10−7 M, 9.6×10−8 M, and 8.4×10−8 M, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of these analytes in pharmaceutical formulations.

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The simultaneous voltammetric determination of amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan using a boron-doped diamond electrode is reported for the first time.

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The simultaneous voltammetric determination of antihypertensive drugs amlodipine besylate (AML) and atenolol (ATN) using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CP-BDDE) is reported for the first time. The anodic peak potentials of AML and ATN at a CP-BDDE were found to be 0.727 and 1.32 V (vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L -1 KCl)) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), respectively, by cyclic voltammetry. It was observed that the CP-BDDE possesses improved performance for the simultaneous determination of AML and ATN when compared to other carbon-based electrodes in these conditions. Using square-wave voltammetric technique, the obtained analytical curves were linear in the concentration range from 2.9-33 µmol L -1 for AML and 9.8-190 µmol L -1 for ATN, with limits of detection of 0.17 and 0.22 µmol L -1 , respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of AML and ATN in pharmaceutical samples.

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A boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was employed for the first time in the development of a voltammetric method for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACT), caffeine (CAF) and carisoprodol (CAR). CAR presents a high oxidation potential (2.0 V) and this electrode is suitable for this purpose due to its wide electrochemical potential window. The anodic peak potentials of ACT, CAF and CAR oxidation on the BDDE were found to be 0.980 V, 1.50 V and 2.03 V (vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L KCl)), respectively, by cyclic voltammetry. After optimization of the analytical conditions employing BDDE at pH 6.0 in a Britton-Robinson buffer solution, square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was applied to the simultaneous determination, by which the peak currents for the three molecules were found to vary linearly with their concentrations in the range of 2.99-283 μmol L for ACT, 2.99-84.8 μmol L for CAF and 19.9-207 μmol L for CAR, with detection limits of 0.768 μmol L, 0.771 μmol L, and 3.11 μmol L, respectively. The proposed method was employed for the simultaneous determination of the three molecules in pharmaceutical formulations and the results were successfully validated with a comparative spectrophotometric method. The use of BDDE showed advantages such as low cost, suitable linearity for simultaneous quantification in real samples, no adsorption problems, and possessing rapidity and excellent reproducibility. This electrode represents a suitable electrochemical sensor for the routine analysis of these drugs.