Electrochemical evaluation of a boron-doped diamond electrode for simultaneous determination of an antihypertensive ternary mixture of amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan in pharmaceuticals

Abstract

The simultaneous voltammetric determination of amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan using a boron-doped diamond electrode is reported for the first time.

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Antihypertensive Drugs Amlodipine and Atenolol in Pharmaceuticals Using a Cathodically Pretreated Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

“…8,15,16,36,37 Hence, all of the following experiments were carried out using predominantly hydrogen terminated surface of BDDE. This pretreatment was preceded by an anodic pretreatment in order to guarantee the oxidation of possible contaminants.…”

“…Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) coupled to the unique properties of the boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) offers the possibility of determining the concentration of analyte directly in the sample without any pretreatment or chemical separation, as well as offering the possibility of simultaneous determination of a wide range of analytes. 8 These characteristics make them very competitive methods and usually the best choice for determination of electroactive compounds, being suitable for routine analysis. [9][10][11][12] BDDE is widely used in the individual and simultaneous determination of organic substances, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] due to particular properties, as an electrochemical stability in both alkaline and acidic media, a lower residual current, inertness of the surface to adsorption of reaction products with good resistance to passivation, high chemical stability, and a very wide potential range.…”

Analytical Applications of Electrochemically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

“…CPT‐BDDEs have also been chosen for the simultaneous determination of different analytes because the surface treatments caused a better separation of the oxidation and/or reduction peak potentials . For instance, Eisele et al .…”

Simple and rapid determination of loratadine in pharmaceuticals using square-wave voltammetry and a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode

“…This is first voltammetric method using a carbon-based electrode material. There is also the possibility of analysis of colored or solutions with suspended solids [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Using square-wave voltammetric technique (f = 50 Hz, a = 40 mV and ∆E S = 2 mV), the obtained analytical curve was linear for loratadine concentrations ranging from 0.98 to 19 µmol L -1 .…”

“…It is used as electrode in voltammetric determination of a wide range of analytes [15,16,[23][24][25][26][27][28], due to the very wide working potential window, very low and 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 was prepared by mixing of 0.040 mol L -1 of all necessary components (acetic acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid), with pH adjusted with a 2.0 mol L -1 NaOH solution. It is used as electrode in voltammetric determination of a wide range of analytes [15,16,[23][24][25][26][27][28], due to the very wide working potential window, very low and 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 ...…”