HOMA-IR values above or equal to 2.0 or 2.5 show enhanced diagnostic value in distinguishing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease carriers from control group individuals.

Serum HA was the parameter that alone presented the best diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in CHC. The APRI showed a better diagnostic sensitivity than GGT levels or the AST/ALT ratio. Its simple determination and low cost make this index a valid alternative for the noninvasive staging of CHC.

Efeito do núcleo homeopático homeopatila 100® na eficiência produtiva em alevinos revertidos de tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)Effect of core homeopathic homeopatila 100® in productive efficiency of fingerlings reverted from nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ResumoFoi pesquisado o efeito do Núcleo Homeopático Homeopatila 100® na integridade histológica branquial, na sobrevivência, peso, comprimento final, conversão alimentar aparente e índice hepatossomático em alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foi utilizado um tratamento controle (T1) com 20mL de solução hidroalcólica (álcool 30° GL) a cada kg de ração e três tratamentos com 20mL/kg (T2), 40mL/kg (T3) e 60mL/kg (T4) do Núcleo Homeopático Homeopatila 100®, em alevinos machos revertidos, com peso e comprimento médio inicial de 1,05 ± 0,32g e 4,15 ± 0,42cm respectivamente. Foi distribuído um total de 832 alevinos em 16 caixas d´agua com capacidade individual de 2000 litros, contendo 1000 litros cada uma, onde permaneceram durante 61 dias. No final do experimento, não foi observada diferença estatística entre os diferentes tratamentos nas alterações histológicas examinadas nas brânquias: elevação epitelial, hiperplasia, telangectasia e fusão lamelar. Os alevinos que receberam 40mL/kg de ração de Homeopatila 100® (T3) apresentaram maior sobrevivência e índice hepatossomático menor do que os alevinos do grupo controle (T1). Palavras-chave: Aqüicultura, histologia, homeopatia populacional, piscicultura AbstractIt was researched the effect of Core Homeopathic Homeopatila 100® on the integrity branchial histological, weight, final length, survival, feed conversion and apparent index hepatossomátic in fingerlings from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We used in the control treatment (T1) with 20mL/ kg water-alcohol solution (alcohol 30 GL) and three treatments with 20mL/kg (T2), 40mL/kg (T3) e 60mL/kg (T4) of core homeopathic Homeopatila 100® in fingerlings male reversed, with initial weight and initial length the 1,05 ± 0,32g and 4,15 ± 0,42cm respectively. It was distributed a total of 832 fingerlings in 16 polyethylene water tanks with individual capacity of 2000 liters, contends 1000 liters each one, where they ha remained during 61 days. At the end of experiment, was not observed statistic difference between the different treatments in histological changes examined in gills: epithelial lifting, hyperplasia, telangectasy and lamellar fusion. The fingerlings which received 40mL/kg of Homeopatila 100® (T3) showed a higher rate of survival and also lower rate than the other hepatossomátic the fingerlings in control group (T1).

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has resulted in greater survival of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the use of these drugs has been associated with lipodystrophic syndrome (LS), which is characterized by metabolic alterations (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and lactic acidosis) and abnormal corporal fat distribution. Clinically, LS may manifest as three different forms: lipohipertrophy (accumulation of fat in the central part of the body), lipoatrophy (loss of fat in the extremities, face and buttocks) and mixed (lipohipertrophy + lipoatrophy). Although its physiopathology has not been elucidated, some mechanisms have been described, including leptin and adiponectin deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction and use of antiretroviral drugs. The type, dose and duration of the antiretroviral treatment, as well as age and puberty are the main risk factors. LS is also associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular illnesses, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Treatment includes physical activity, cautious restriction of caloric intake, changes in antiretroviral therapy, and use of insulin-sensitizing and lipid-lowering agents. Follow up must be periodic, consisting of measurement of body fat distribution, evaluation of the lipid profile and insulin resistance.

No abstract

In conclusion, use of the APRI or FIB4 markers for detection of hepatic fibrosis may be a viable alternative at referral centers for treatment of CHC in low- and middle-income countries. Despite relatively good accuracy, a significant number of patients could not be assessed by these methods.

Efeito do alecrim na defumação da carne de rã (Rana catesbeiana): características sensoriais, composição e rendimento IntroduçãoNo Brasil, a ranicultura firmou-se como uma atividade econômica na década de 80. Desde então, ela vem passando por aperfeiçoamentos e, gradativamente, pode-se observar uma melhora significativa de produtividade. Atualmente, o País é considerado um dos maiores produtores mundiais, ficando atrás, apenas, da Indonésia e regiões circunvizinhas, locais onde as rãs são criadas de forma extensiva, em campos de arroz (Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Rio de Janeiro, 2006). Praticamente, toda a produção brasileira -cerca de 400 ton./ ano -é absorvida pelo mercado interno. Contudo, de acordo com Ferreira (2006), se o País se preparar, terá condições de conquistar grande espaço no mercado externo.No mercado interno, os produtos da ranicultura são a carne de rã fresca e/ou congelada, em carcaça inteira ou em partes, principalmente as coxas. Os demais produtos, como o dorso inteiro ou desossado e o dorso em pedaços são pouco explorados. Porém, estudos estão sendo realizados por institutos tecnológicos no que se refere à viabilidade de se aproveitar a carne do dorso da rã na formulação de patês, conservas, frogburger e emulsionados (MELLO; PESSANHA, 2006). Uma AbstractThis work studied the effect of rosemary on the quality of smoked frog meat (Rana catesbeiana) through the analysis of sensory characteristics, centesimal composition, and processing performance. The carcasses were immersed in a solution of brine (20%), in the proportion of 2:1 (volume of brine/weight), soaked in olive oil and smoked at a temperature range from 50 to 90 °C. The experimental delineation was entirely casual with 2 treatments (T 1 = frog carcass with rosemary; T 2 = frog carcass without rosemary) with 16 repetitions. For the statistical analysis, the SAEG 2004 program, with 5% of significance was used. The smoked carcasses presented medium values of rude protein (28,39%), total lipids (5,13%), and ashes (2,79%) comparatively higher than the values of the in natura carcasses (23,41; 2,29, and 0,85%). The rosemary did not affect the centesimal composition. The frog carcasses smoked with rosemary presented better acceptance concerning aroma. The rosemary did not affect the results of the other sensory characteristics. Frog meat can be smoked with and without rosemary since it does not interfere in the product acceptance.

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (calcium: HMB-Ca and free acid: HMB-FA) and α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HICA) are leucine metabolites that have been proposed to improve body composition and strength when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). In this double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial, we evaluated the effects of off-theshelf supplements: α-HICA, HMB-FA and HMB-Ca, on RET-induced changes in body composition and performance. Forty men were blocked randomized to receive α-HICA (n = 10, fat-free mass [FFM] = 62.0 ± 7.1 kg), HMB-FA (n = 11, FFM = 62.7 ± 10.5 kg), HMB-Ca (n = 9, FFM = 65.6 ± 10.1 kg) or placebo (PLA; n = 10, FFM = 64.2 ± 5.7 kg). The training protocol consisted of a whole-body resistance training routine, thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body water (TBW) by whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), both at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Time-dependent changes were observed for increase in trunk FFM (p < 0.05). No statistically significant between-group or group-by-time interactions were observed. Supplementation with HMB (FA and Ca) or α-HICA failed to enhance body composition to a greater extent than placebo. We do not recommend these leucine metabolites for improving body composition changes with RET in young adult resistance trained men.