SUMMARYPhenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and clinical-epidemiological features of 28 Nocardia strains isolated from 19 cases of bovine mastitis, eight cutaneous-subcutaneous lesions and one case of pneumonia in dogs were evaluated. Microbiological, biochemical, cytological and scanning electron microscopy methods were used in diagnosis. Nocardia asteroides type IV, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, Nocardia nova (type III) and Nocardia farcinica (type V) were isolated from bovine milk, bronchial lavage and/or cutaneous-subcutaneous abscesses in dogs. Nocardial bovine mastitis was diagnosed predominantly in clinical cases, in dairy herds with poor environmental hygienic conditions between milking and inappropriate intramammary therapy. Canine nocardiosis was observed commonly in animals co-infected with distemper virus. Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (92.8%), amikacin (92.8%) and ceftiofur (92.8%) were the most effective drugs in 28 isolates. Multiple drug resistance to three or more and five or more antimicrobials was observed in ten (35.7%) and three (10.7%) strains, respectively, predominantly with use of cloxaxillin, cefoperazone and ampicillin. The species (type) classification, clinical-epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, multiple drug resistance and public health considerations in Nocardia strains isolated from cattle and dogs in Brazil are discussed, with special reference to report of bovine mastitis by N. otitidiscaviarum by first time in Brazil and the similarity between Nocardia species isolated from human and animal origin.

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These results suggest that aquatic exercise program and LLLT were effective in preventing cartilage degeneration. Also, physical exercise program presented anti-inflammatory effects in the knees in OA rats.

RESUMO.-Nos últimos anos cresce a preocupação dos consumidores quanto à qualidade do leite e às condições de produção e bem-estar dos animais. Simultaneamente, aumenta o interesse e o consumo de produtos e subprodutos de origem animal produzidos no sistema orgânico, com destaque para o leite e derivados. O presente estudo investigou a presença de microrganismos patogênicos, a sensibilidade e a multi-resistência dos isolados aos antimicrobianos, a celularidade e a presença de resíduos de drogas no leite de vacas, com e sem mastite, produzido no sistema orgânico. In last years increase the importance of milk quality and conditions of bovine milking. Simultaneously, increase the interest about organic milk and derivates. The aim of present study was investigate the milk pathogens, sensitivity and multiple drug resistance of isolates, somatic cell count and residues of drugs in milk, from cattle with and without mastitis, come from four little organic dairy farms in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Were used 148 cattle on the middle period of lactation. From these, two showed clinical mastitis, 72 subclinical mastitis and 74 without signs of mammary inflammation (controls). Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (21.4%), Corynebacterium bovis (12.9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.3%) and Staphylococcus spp. (4.3%) were the more-frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with mastitis. Aspergillus spp. was isolated from one animal. Ceftiofur (95.2%), oxacillin (84.2%), gentamicin (76.3%) and cefoperazone (70.3%) were the more effective drugs. High resistance of isolates were found to penicillin (53.5%), ampicillin (41.6%) and neomycin (38.6%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more drugs was observed in 40 (39.6%) isolates. Media of somatic cell count encountered in animals with mastitis and controls were 175,742.67cs/mL and 58,227.6 cs/mL, respectively. Antimicrobials residues in milk were detected in four (2.7%) animals. The present findings showed the low somatic cell count of animals, indicative of good quality of milk. However, pointed the need of control measures for contagious pathogens of bovine mastitis and more attention for prohibition of antimicrobial use in organic dairy farms.

Resumo:O leite informal é reconhecido como o produto comercializado sem inspeção. Avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica, constituintes nutricionais e presença de substâncias inibidoras do crescimento bacteriano em 100 amostras informais de leite de vacas, comercializadas na região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Verificou-se que 77% da Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e 86% da Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT) das amostras estavam em desacordo com os valores máximos exigidos pela Instrução Normativa 62 do MAPA. Identificaram-se teores em desacordo para sólidos totais (36%), proteína (23%), gordura (38%), extrato seco desengordurado (43%) e nitrogênio uréico (73%). Em 59% das amostras detectou-se a presença de resíduos de inibidores do crescimento bacteriano. Isolaram-se 240 linhagens de micro-organismos com predomínio de enterobactérias, estreptococos, estafilococos e fungos. O leite informal é comercializado na região sem as mínimas condições de higiene e oferece riscos a saúde pública, além de representar sério problema sócio-econômico para região.