1RESUMO -O gênero Calliandra Benth. (Leguminosae) possui 134 espécies exclusivamente neotropicais, das quais 42 ocorrem na Chapada Diamantina, sendo 32 endêmicas da área. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da luz e substrato na germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de C. viscidula e C. hygrophila. As sementes foram submetidas a três tratamentos em laboratório: luz, escuro e luz/escuro (12 h/12 h). Em viveiro foram utilizados três substratos: (I) areia; (II) terra vegetal + areia; (III) vermiculita + terra vegetal + areia, mantidos a 100%; e 70% de luminosidade. As avaliações da germinação foram diárias durante 21 dias, utilizando-se os parâmetros: germinabilidade, índice de velocidade de germinação (índice de velocidade de emergência para viveiro), tempo médio de germinação e frequência relativa. Os parâmetros analisados no desenvolvimento inicial foram: comprimentos da parte aérea e raiz, número de folhas, massa seca, relação parte aérea/sistema radicular e razão do peso da folha. C. viscidula e C. hygrophila foram classificadas como fotoblásticas neutras e apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento a 70% de luminosidade nos substratos III e I e II , respectivamente. INFLUENCE OF THE LIGHT AND GROWING MEDIA ON GERMINATION AND INITIAL SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF TWO SPECIES OF THE Calliandra Benth. (MIMOSOIDEAE -LEGUMINOSAE) ENDEMICS OF THECHAPADA DIAMANTINA, BAHIA
IVAgentes osmóticos e temperatura na conservação in vitro de sempre-viva Osmotic agents and temperature on in vitro conservation of sempre-viva
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the germination, initial growth, and in vitro co-cultivation of Comanthera curralensis Moldenke, a "sempre viva" native of the Chapada Diamantina state of Bahia. Full strength (MS) and half-strength MS (MS1/2) growth media supplemented with two different sucrose concentrations (15 and 30g L-1) were tested for germination and initial plant growth. Three different plant densities were tested by in vitro culture (8, 10 and 12 plants per container). MS1/2 medium with 15g L-1 sucrose resulted in a higher percentage of germination and plant growth for the in vitro establishment of C. curralensis. The use of 12 plants per container is indicated for cost reduction in C. curralensis in vitro production.
Sincoraea mucugensis (Wand. & A.A. Conc.) LOUZADA & WAND, an endangered bromeliad, is confined to the central region of the Chapada Diamantina, in the municipality of Mucugê, Brazil. From various researches, it is evident that for the propagation of this species, the in vitro technique is a feasible option. However, due to the low multiplication rates reported in various papers, this study aimed to establish a micropropagation protocol of direct organogenesis for S. mucugensis. First, the inoculation of the stem explants was done in MS ½ culture medium which contained different levels of BAP (0.00; 6.66; 8.88; 11.10; 13.20 µM) and NAA (0.00; 2.60; 5.20 µM). These shoots were then subjected to a couple of distinct rooting periods (of 30-and 60-day duration) using activated charcoal; finally, these microplants were transferred to a greenhouse for acclimatization, and covered with transparent plastic cups, as a water loss prevention test method. All the data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were subjected to regression analysis or compared using the Tukey test. The findings revealed that the S. mucugensis stem explants raised in the NAA-rich medium (6.42 to 7.43 shoots/explants) showed high multiplication rates; the shoot rooting was done for 30 days using activated charcoal with the medium. Acclimatization, which was performed by directly exposing the microplants to the ex vitro environment, showed 95% survival rate. RESUMO: Sincoraea mucugensis (Wand. & A.A. Conc.) LOUZADA & WAND é uma bromélia vulnerável de ocorrência restrita ao município de Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina. Estudos indicam que a cultura de tecidos é uma alternativa viável para a propagação in vitro destaespécie. Contudo, em função das baixas taxas de multiplicação obtidas em estudos anteriores, objetivou-se estabelecer um protocolo de micropropagação via organogênese direta para S. mucugensis. Explantes caulinares foram inoculados em meio de cultura MS ½ contendo diferentes concentrações de BAP (0,00; 6,66; 8,88; 11,10; 13,20 µM) e ANA (0,00; 2,60; 5,20 µM). Os brotos obtidos foram submetidos a diferentes períodos de enraizamento (30 e 60 dias) com carvão ativado; posteriormente as microplantas foram aclimatizadas em casa de vegetação, testando-se o efeito da cobertura com copos plásticos transparentes como estratégias contra perda de água. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias analisadas por regressão ou comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey. Os resultados demonstram que altas taxas de multiplicação de S. mucugensis são geradas a partir de explantes caulinares cultivados em meio contendo ANA (6,42 a 7,43 brotos/explantes); o enraizamento dos brotos é realizado por 30 dias em meio com carvão ativado e a aclimatização é feita com exposição direta das microplantas ao ambiente ex vitro com 95% de sobrevivência. Palavras-chave: propagação in vitro, aclimatização, Sincoraea mucugensis, ANA.
This study aimed to develop efficient protocols for the in vitro micropropagation of Byrsonima gardneriana. ). The use of concentrations from 2.0 to 4.0 µM 6-benzylaminopurine was efficient in the multiplication of B. gardneriana, given that, using concentrations above these, a decrease in this efficiency occurs. The use of auxin interfered negatively with the results. In vitro rooting occurs even in medium free of auxin. The activated charcoal was insufficient for rooting. The use of growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine and indole butyric acid are efficient in micropropagation of B. gardneriana, however, further studies should be performed to optimize this protocol.
The term “sempre-viva” denotes plants whose structures retain their natural form and color after being cut and dried. For these reasons, they are commercially valuable for ornamental purposes. However, due to extractive overexploitation of their inflorescences, some of these species are considered endangered. The genus Comanthera includes the sempre-vivas species with greatest economic importance in Brazil. Previous studies have shown that tissue culture is a workable strategy for in vitro propagation and conservation of species of this genus. However, these studies are still incipient. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the findings on the in vitro cultivation of species of the Comanthera genus, to serve as the basis for future research. The text is structured in two main topics: micropropagation and in vitro conservation.
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