The study aimed to determine the effect of mobile aug-mented reality in the digital encyclopedia on complex problem-solving ability and responsible decision making attitude of first-year students. The research was a quasi-experiment (quantitative research) with pre-test and posttest methods. The population was first-year students of 2019/2020 in the Geography Education program, Faculty of Social Sci-ences, State University of Malang. The experimental group was from the PGEO6006-L class, and the control group was from the PGEO6006-A class, totaled 73 participants. Data were collected using a qualitative method using interviews and a quantitative method using a questionnaire for 4 weeks. The data analysis used an independent t-test to determine the effect of mobile augmented reality on students' complex problem-solving ability and responsible decision making atti-tude in Cosmography class. The results indicated that mobile augment-ed reality in the digital encyclopedia has a significant effect on stu-dents' complex problem-solving ability and responsible decision mak-ing attitude.

Water is one of the primary needs of all living things. In order to figure out the potential of water resources, we need to conduct a study about water supply. This study of water resources was conducted in Sumbermanjing Wetan district located in the southern part of Malang Regency. This study is limited to the initial review of the existence of potency water resources in the study area, without including a quantitative aspect of the water resources. The first identification was collecting the data of water resources found in Sumbermanjing Wetan, and then analyze them descriptively. This step was to figure out the potential and challenges of water resources in Sumbermanjing Wetan. The result of this study showed that there were water resources in the form of spring, surface water, and subterranean river. The big volume of spring had been used by the people to fulfill their daily needs. However, the changing of the karst landscape had produced pollution around the settlement. Besides, there was volume decreasing of the spring, and so was the water supply for the people. The people could make use of other water resources such as the subterranean river that flow a whole year to overcome the problem. The most potential subterranean rivers are in Mbah Wajib Cave, Limbah Cave, Krompyang Cave, Kedung Pitu Cave, and Emas Cave.

This research is a qualitative descriptive study using secondary data as the main data. Data were collected through literature studies from the results of previous research in Sumbermanjing Wetan District. The results showed that Sumbermanjing Wetan had the potential to be used as a natural laboratory in the context of geography learning. This is supported by physical conditions in the form of diverse landscape features, quite complex social and cultural conditions. This potential includes the geological and geomorphological conditions of Sumbermanjing Wetan, the geodiversity and biodiversity of Sempu Island, social and cultural conditions, disasters, and tourism. In addition, the existence of natural resources in the area can also be used as one of the studies in fieldwork. Fieldwork-based learning can increase the skills of students in making observations, identifying, experimental, doing teamwork, and applying the use of technology. Geography learning topics at Sumbermanjing Wetan include physical, social, tourism, disaster, environmental, and other areas of geography. Indeed, implementing fieldwork needs to be independent, especially in managing data. In addition, fieldwork-based learning will continue to develop in line with the convenience of technology and increasingly advanced research studies with challenges faced including security, finance, health and safety, access to the field, and damage to the surrounding area used for fieldwork due to sampling exaggerated.

Advances in technology, information, and communication in the digital era are a feature that human life has entered the 21st century. One of the uses of ICT in the learning process is the use of Augmented Reality. This study aims to examine the urgency of using AR in learning to preserve culture. The process of this study is through a literature review that focuses on AR for learning that utilizes mobile technology and its use in cultural preservation. The method used is SLR (System Literature Review). The SLR procedure consists of the process of formulating problems, collecting, evaluating, analyzing, interpreting, organizing, and presenting data. Data collection using the Search Process (SP) technique. The data for the study of this research article was obtained through the relevant literature, namely from 2013 to 2021. This selection and analysis was based on Quality Assessment (QA). The results of the study in this study are the advantages of augmented reality as a reference for the development of learning media on aspects of cultural preservation in the subject of Geography. Many AR-based cultural preservation is found in formal and informal learning environments (ie schools, museums, parks, zoos, tourist attractions, and cultural heritage). The integration of AR in learning models, teaching materials, and other learning tools is increasingly expected to create an innovative and varied learning process. This integration will provide encouragement and achievement of student abilities that are more effective and efficient. Kemajuan teknologi, informasi, dan komunikasi di era digital merupakan sebuah ciri bahwa kehidupan manusia telah memasuki abad 21. Pemanfaatan TIK dalam proses pembelajaran salah satunya yaitu penggunaan Augmented Reality. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji urgensi pemanfaatan AR dalam pembelajaran untuk melestarikan kebudayaan. Proses kajian ini melalui tinjauan literatur yang berfokus pada AR untuk pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan teknologi mobile dan pemanfaatannya dalam pelestarian budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah SLR (System Literature Review). Prosedur SLR terdiri dari proses merumuskan masalah, mengumpulkan, mengevaluasi, menganalisis, menginterpretasi, mengatur, dan menyajikan data. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Search Process (SP). Data kajian artikel penelitian ini diperoleh melalui literatur yang relevan yaitu dari tahun 2013 hingga 2021. Penyeleksian dan analisis ini berdasarkan pada Quality Assessment (QA). Hasil kajian dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelebihan augmented reality menjadi rujukan pengembangan media pembelajaran pada aspek pelestarian kebudayaan pada mata pelajaran Geografi. Banyak ditemukan pelestarian kebudayaan berbasis AR di lingkungan belajar formal dan informal (yaitu sekolah, museum, taman, kebun binatang, objek wisata, dan cagar budaya). Integrasi AR pada model pembelajaran, bahan ajar, dan perangkat pembelajaran lainnya semakin diharapkan untuk menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang inovatif dan variatif. Integrasi ini akan memberikan dorongan dan capaian kemampuan siswa yang lebih efektif dan efisien.

Bajulmati Beach is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in the coastal area of the southern Malang Regency. It has several unique tourism destinations to visit. A community-based sea turtle conservation facility is one of them, which is managed by Bajulmati Sea Turtle Conservation (BSTC). This paper aims to describe the environmental conservation education and learning activities of BSTC. This is qualitative research conducted from primary data. Data collection was done using three methods, namely 1) in-depth interview with key informants, 2) focus group discussion (FGD) with LMDH, POKMASWAS, and BSTC, and 3) field survey. The result shows that BSTC has been consistently practicing some main environmental conservation actions in Bajulmati Beach. They are natural school (Sekolah Alam) twice a week, sea turtle’s hatchling nest protection, clutch relocations, post-hatchling care, baby sea turtle releases, and environmental conservation education for the locals and tourists. In general, education and learning activities are increasing the environmental knowledge of the targeted audience. Furthermore, it is slowly shaping a more positive environmental attitude towards the locals.

Geography learning process can be done both indoor and outdoor. Geography learning can provide new findings/ concepts from a natural phenomenon which exists in the field. In order to build an understanding, concept, and even findings; geographer can utilize fieldwork-based geography learning. It is necessary to have a framework that explains the existence of the study location. The purpose of this study is to give space or scope for geography learning which emphasizes fieldwork-based learning in natural laboratories using a smartphone in data collection. The method used is a field survey conducted by determining the location points that will be used as access in field-based geography learning, with a landscape and social approach. After that, it is processed to get routes and learning areas that are ready with smartphones. Furthermore, it is applied to students to carry out field-based learning using smartphones. The result of this study shows some areas that can be used as fieldwork by using a smartphone during a field survey. There are 15 spots recorded on smartphone that can be used as geography learning fieldwork. Learners can do observation, measurements, interview about natural and social landscape in these areas. Fieldwork-based learning in Sumbermanjing Wetan has its estimation in leaning based on the aims. Besides, things like funding, licensing, and the security of the learning areas should be paid attention, in order to reach the learning outcome. It is also need a preliminary survey or observation to be able to estimate fieldwork leaning areas in Sumbermanjing Wetan district.

Gua merupakan ruang alamiah yang dapat dimasuki oleh manusia. Gua memiliki kenampakan berupa lorong vertikal, horizontal, maupun kedua lorong tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola yang terbentuk dari lorong vertikal dan ruangan dari gua-gua karst di Kabupaten Malang. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei lapangan dan analisis data sekunder. Pengukuran dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengetahui gambaran dari gua tersebut dilihat dari peta. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kedalaman lorong vertikal di Kabupaten Malang bervariasi berkisar antara 4,33 - 33,77 m, berupa singlepits maupun multipits. Selain itu, lorong vertikal di Kabupaten Malang memiliki beberapa tipe yaitu, shaft dengan single atau multipits, chimney, dan canyon. Kondisi lorong vertikal di Kabupaten Malang diakibatkan oleh proses pengangkatan yang terjadi pada masa lampau dan diikuti dengan perubahan muka air tanah yang ada di daerah tersebut. Pada bentukan chamber di masing-masing gua, menunjukkan ceruk memiliki persentase chamber yang tinggi, mengingat lorong yang terbentuk memiliki panjang lorong yang pendek. Sistem lorong gua yang membentuk volume chamber yang besar terlihat adanya runtuhan dan pertemuan sungai bawah tanah. Pada kondisi lorong vertikal memiliki nilai volume chamber yang kecil. Proses terbentuknya chamber pada wilayah kajian berada pada kondisi vadose dan epifreatik, kondisi ini terjadi dari beberapa proses yang terjadi di dalam gua, baik proses struktural, hidrologis, maupun runtuhan yang hingga saat ini masih terjadi. Terjadinya runtuhan gua mengakibatkan adanya subsidence yang menyebabkan tereksposnya lorong gua ke permukaan.

Malang Regency has variety of landscapes. In the southern part of Malang Regency, there is a karst landscape showed by the existence of caves scattered in Wonosari Formation. The existence of those caves holds an important potential as the environmental services, one of those is as a specified tourism destination. The aim of this study is to know the condition and to analyze the potential of the caves a specified tourism destination in Malang Regency. The data in this study was collected by observing the condition of the cave through the cave passage and by doing in-depth interview with the manager of tourism objects in Malang regency. Field documenting and literature studies were also being conducted in order to support the analysis of this study. Data analyzing was conducted by using interactive data analysis consisted of data reduction, data presentation, ended by conclusion drawing. The result of the study showed that 134 caves had been recorded and 49 caves been mapped. Caves in Malang Regency potentially support the specified tourism destination. This was showed by the passages varied into horizontal cave passage and vertical cave passage. Some of the caves also have long passage. Besides the variety of caves passages, the caves in Malang Regency also have variety of ornament and the condition brings the value of education to the tourists. Some of the caves have subterranean river which can be used by the people. Thus, it becomes tourists’ attraction. The caves in Malang Regency are located close to coastal areas that become beach and marine tourism, so it will really support the development of caves as a specified tourism destination in the future. In order to acknowledge and enrich the society with skills dealing with the existence of caves as a specified tourism destination, the improvement of human resources should be carried out.