<p style="text-align: justify;">This study aims to analyze students’ creative thinking skills in answering the problem-solving questions. This study employs qualitative design, involving 110 fifth graders in Malang Municipality and Regency as the subjects. The obtained data were analyzed using the descriptive-explorative approach. The findings reveal that the high-achievers in Mathematics showed good skills in the aspects of fluency and flexibility, but were still struggling in the novelty aspect.  The average-achievers showed good skills in flexibility aspects but were lacking in the fluency and novelty aspects. They showed an understanding of Mathematics problems but found it difficult to decide the solving strategies, and thus their answers were lacking in structure and less systematic. When solving a problem, the calculation made seemed rushing, was less careful, and frequented with trial and error strategy. The low-achievers showed difficulties in understanding the problems. Their answers were not systematic, not well-structured, and not detailed. This indicates that the low-achievers had not shown creative thinking skills in fluency, flexibility, and novelty aspects.</p>

Mathematical representation has an essential role in solving mathematical problems. However, there are still many mathematics education students who have difficulty in representing ill-structured problems. Even though the ill-structured-problem-solving tasks designed to help mathematics education students understand the relevance and meaningfulness of what they learn, they also are connected with their prior knowledge. The focus of this research is exploring the used of mathematical representations in solving ill-structured problems involving quadratic functions. The topic of quadratic functions is considered necessary in mathematics teaching and learning in higher education. It's because many mathematics education students have difficulty in understanding these matters, and they also didn’t appreciate their advantage and application in daily life. The researchers' explored mathematical representation as used by two subjects from fifty-four mathematics education students at the University of Nusantara PGRI Kediri by using a qualitative approach. We were selected due to their completed all steps for solving the ill-structured problem, and there have different ways of solving these problems. Mathematical representation explored through an analytical framework of solving ill-structured issues such as representing problems, developing alternative solutions, creating solution justifications, monitoring, and evaluating. The data analysis used technique triangulation. The results show that verbal and symbolic representations used both subjects to calculate, detect, correct errors, and justify their answers. However, the visual representation used only by the first subject to detect and correct errors.

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The emerging of new retail stores in Indonesia has brought new competition to the current market competition. The object of this research is 7-Eleven. This research analyzes the relationship between variables of consumer behavior and willingness to buy. This research is purposed to find the relationship between the consumer behavior variables (cultural factor, social factor, personal factor and psychological factor) to the consumer willingness to buy a product in 7-Eleven convenience store. The scope and limitation of this study rounds in the 7-Eleven convenience store in Jatiwaringin, Jakarta with total samples 110 of 150 population average. Data was analyzed by using quantitative analysis. The interpretation of this research shows that the variables and dimensions of consumer behavior has a relationship with the consumer's willingness to buy a product in 7-Eleven Jatiwaringin, Jakarta, even so, there are some variables that has a relationship but not affecting the willingness to buy significantly. The variables that is mostly affecting the willingness to buy in this research shows that social factors giving more affect more that any variables among the consumer behavior variables. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) is l 0.405 40.5% of the variation that occurs in the willingness to buy is described by all of the independent variables, cultural factor, social factor, personal factor, psychological factor, while the remaining 100% -40.5% = 59.5% are explained by other variables which is not described in this research.

Background. Student reasoning in learning mathematics contributes significantly to the achievement of student mathematics learning outcomes. The main objective of this study is to investigate the process of reversible reasoning in students for inverse problems, in the case of Adjie (Ad). The research method used to reveal the reversible reasoning in Adjie's case using descriptive qualitative research methods. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique where the research sample was selected based on reversible reasoning criteria. Retrieval research data uses the results of students' mathematical work, think aloud, interviews, and the components that cause reversible reasoning. The results of our study found that the process begins with an obstacle that causes Ad to be unable to continue the resolution process, resulting in a metacognition process by analyzing the problem again analytically and developing other heuristic strategies. Ad shows a change in perspective where he initially interpreted inverse as the act of swapping independent and dependent variables and switched to interpreting inverse as the opposite of a function process involving analogy and image representation. The contribution of this research provides knowledge that reversible reasoning can occur in understanding and solving mathematical problems in inverse material.