Background Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease that is mostly immune‐derived. It causes proliferation of skin cells, forming plaques. Psoriasis etiology is unknown. It might be multifactorial. Aims This work aimed to study Smad7 expression in psoriasis vulgaris patients in comparison with normal skin. Patients/Methods Thirty patients with psoriasis vulgaris in comparison with 20 age‐ and sex‐matched seemingly healthy individuals were selected. We used psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) to evaluate psoriasis severity. Skin biopsies were prepared from skin lesions (30), perilesions (30) and control (20) groups for histopathological and immunostaining evaluation of Smad7. Results Smad7 was progressively upregulated in proliferating keratinocytes from controls (58.18 ± 30.93) to perilesional (106 ± 38.93) and lesional (156.33 ± 62.01) skin (P < .001). Also, dermal inflammatory cells showed upregulation of Smad7 expression from control skin (40 ± 28.28) to skin lesions (137.33 ± 73.86) (P < .010). Smad7 expression showed a positive significant correlation with psoriasis severity (r = .452; P < .012). Conclusion Smad7 may be involved in increased keratinocyte proliferation as well as skin inflammation in psoriasis vulgaris patients.

No abstract

Background Psoriasis is considered as an immune‐mediated disorder with significant epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. Cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), known as CCN family member 1 (CCN1), plays an important role in cell proliferation and neovascularization which may trigger psoriasis development. Aims This study aimed to assess the immunostaining of CYR61 in psoriatic skin (lesional and perilesional) compared to control skin. Patients/Methods This is a case‐control study. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to evaluate disease severity. A punch biopsy was taken from psoriatic skin lesions (30), perilesional (30) skin, and matched site of controls (20). The pathological and immunostaining assessments of CYR61 were conducted. Results There was a significant gradual progressive overexpression of CYR61 in keratinocytes from control skin to perilesional and lesional psoriatic skin (P = .00). Moreover, lesional psoriatic skin showed overexpression of CYR61 in inflammatory cells in the dermis than controls. CYR61 expression (lesional epidermis) revealed a significant positive correlation with the PASI score (r = .63; P = .00). There was a significant relationship between intensity and H‐core of CYR61 in the lesional psoriatic epidermis with joint affection. Conclusion CYR61 may trigger epidermal hyperplasia and potentiate inflammatory infiltration in psoriasis vulgaris patients, and therapies targeting CYR61 may be effective in the management of psoriasis vulgaris.

Objective: To evaluate the potential diagnostic role of the myoepithelial marker p63 in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of breast in comparison to other diagnostic tools. Study Design: A total of 49 FNAC of breast were assessed according to clinical, mammographic, cytological findings, and p63 immunostaining on FNAC. The strength of agreement with final histological diagnosis (FHD) was measured by kappa test. Results: p63 was positive in myoepithelial cells of 75% (9/12) of benign cases and negative in 89% (33/37) of the malignant cases with strong agreement with the FHD (p < 0.0001, ĸ = 0.63). All the malignant positive cases showed variable degrees of in situ component. Only one malignant case (1/37, 0.03%) showed few p63 positive neoplastic cells in FNAC. Combined FNAC and p63 staining (with <25% cutoff point) to diagnose malignancy showed 100% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 92% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Most of the cytologically suspicious cases (7/9, 78%) showed negative p63 staining results, and all these suspicious cases (100%) proved to be malignant by the FHD. There was poor agreement between diagnosis according to positive background naked nuclei (NN) and the FHD (ĸ = 0.24 and p < 0.0001); however, presence of more than 74% positive NN is strongly suggestive of fibroadenoma. Conclusion: p63 immunostaining with a cutoff value of <25% to diagnose malignancy is a highly sensitive and specific myoepithelial marker which is recommended as an adjuvant tool to FNAC of breast in suspicious cases.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a common health problem all over the world. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence rate and risk factors of T. vaginalis in females in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt and assess some immunological parameters includingIL-2, IL-17, IL22 and INFᵧ and their relation to cytopathological changes in asymptomatic and symptomatic T. vaginalis infected females. Two hundred females aging between 18 and 50 years' old were classified into two groups: Group I: Asymptomatic females subdivided into subgroup I a (non-infected) from which control subgroup were selected and I b (infected).Group II: Symptomatic females was subdivided into subgroup II a (non-infected) and II b (infected).The groups were screened for T.vaginalis by direct wet mount, Giemsa, Acridine orange (AO) and Papanicolaou (Pap) stained vaginal smears and culture technique. Cytopathological examination was done by using pap smears. Immunological detection of vaginal IL-2, IL-17, IL-22 and IFNγ were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that the prevalence rate of T. vaginalis was 22.5% (45/200) among the studied participants as proved by culture method, 25% (25/100) in asymptomatic females and 20% (20/100) in symptomatic females. There were significant elevated levels of IL-2, IL-17, IL-22 and IFN-γ in asymptomatic infected subgroup(Ib) than symptomatic infected subgroup (IIb) and control subgroup and decrease in cytopathological changes including halo cells, reactive nuclear changes and ghost cell. Elevated cytokines play a protective effect in asymptomatic T.vaginalis infected females proved by histopathological inflammatory reaction and decrease symptoms in these females.