Background:Differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions with predominantly follicular pattern is one of the most common problems in thyroid pathology. Development of more objective and reproducible tools for diagnosis is needed. This work is aimed at studying the role of nuclear morphometry in differential diagnosis of different thyroid lesions having predominant follicular pattern.Material and methods:Semiautomatic image analysis system was used to measure a total of 8 nuclear parameters in 48 thyroid lesions including seven nodular goiter (NG), 14 follicular adenoma (FA), 14 follicular carcinoma (FC) and 13 follicular variant papillary carcinoma (FVPC).Results:The parameters related to nuclear size (area, perimeter, MaxD, MinD, nuclear size) and shape (L/S ratio, Form_AR) were significantly higher in neoplastic group (FA, FC, FVPC) when compared to non-neoplastic group (NG) P<0.05. The perimeter was the most reliable parameter (area under the cure (AUC)=97%) followed by area, MaxD, and size (all have AUC= 96%) then form-AR (90%), LS ratio (86%) and the least reliable was Min D (79%). Within the neoplastic group, most parameters related to size and shape of the nuclei was significantly higher in FVPC than in FA and FC (p ≤ 0.05). Nuclear area and size (AUC 77%) were the most reliable parameters for differentiation between FVPC and FA. The best cut off values for diagnosing FVPC are nuclear area ≥39.9μm2 and nuclear size ≥27.7μm2. However, there was no quantitative difference between FC and FA.Conclusion:Nuclear morphometric parameters may help in the differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions and between FVPC and follicular neoplasms (FC and FA) but they have no value in the differentiation between FC and FA.

Breast carcinoma in Egyptian women is a biologically more aggressive disease than those diagnosed in Western women, although a substantial number of cases are hormone responsive. G protein-coupled receptor-30 (GPR30), a seven transmembrane domain protein, is currently recognized as an estrogen receptor. This study aimed at evaluating the expression of GPR30 in breast carcinomas of Egyptian patients and its association with clinicopathologic parameters and immunohistochemical subtypes of breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for GPR30 was applied on 51 archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases of invasive ductal carcinoma. Staining was assessed using a semiquantitative scoring system taking staining intensity and extent into consideration. GPR30 was observed in 33/51 (65%) of invasive ductal carcinoma cases. GPR30 was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.009), increased number of positive lymph nodes (p = 0.04), definite lymph-vascular invasion (LVI) (p = 0.002), peri-nodal invasion (p = 0.02), and the presence of coagulative tumor cell necrosis (p = 0.02). Moreover, a significant association between positive GPR30 expression and ER positivity (p = 0.02), as well as HER2/neu positivity (p = 0.03), were also observed. Most of the luminal A and B subtypes were GPR30 positive; however, all the triple negative cases were GPR30 negative (p = 0.010). GPR30 might contribute to the aggressive behavior of Egyptian breast carcinoma. Therefore, it could be useful in the therapeutic decision making in breast cancer patients.

PARP-1 immunohistochemical expression is a marker of good prognosis and is predictive of response to NCT in LABC.

We aimed to assess the utility of quantitative analysis of AgNORs and Ki67 labeling index (LI) in the differential diagnosis of different thyroid lesions. This study included: 25 papillary carcinomas, 7 follicular carcinomas, 21 follicular adenomas and 27 nodular goiters. Using a semiautomatic image analysis system, Ag NORs parameters were measured and calculated including: total area of AgNORs, mean Ag NOR number in nuclei, nuclear area, mean area of AgNOR dots per each nucleus, number of central and marginal AgNOR dots, and the relative ratio of total area of AgNOR dots/total area of nucleus. Ki67 immunostaining was performed and the LI was determined. There was a significant difference between groups of thyroid lesions regarding total area of AgNORs, Ag NOR number and number of marginal Ag NOR dots. According to receiver operating characteristic curve, Ag NORs number =2.91 and marginal Ag NORs = 2.67 were useful cut off values above which follicular carcinoma can be diagnosed with 100 % sensitivity, 79 % specificity, 76 % PPV, 100 % NPV and 85 % diagnostic accuracy for both parameters. Mean Ki67 LI in our study was 14.12 ± 2.29, 61.42 ± 3.77, 34.90 ± 3.49 and 18.60 ± 1.96 for papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, follicular adenoma and nodular goiter respectively. Ki67 LI showed statistically significant difference between follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma (p = 0.026) and between papillary carcinoma and follicular adenoma (p = 0.007). Quantification of Ag NORs and Ki67 LI could be used as helpful ancillary methods in the differentiation between different thyroid lesions.

John Cunningham virus (JCV) encodes an oncogenic T-antigen, which is capable of interacting with key growth regulatory pathways. JCV definite role as causal agent of human cancer, still awaits final confirmation. The present study was conducted to assess the possible role of JCV in Egyptian colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and correlate the expression with the clinicopathological features and survival. JCV in situ hybridization (ISH) signals and large T antigen immunoreactivity were examined in 87 colonic specimens. Positive glandular JCV ISH signals were detected in 20%, 25% and 40% of normal, adenoma and CRC cases respectively. Stromal JCV ISH signals were identified in 26% of CRC cases and 5% of adenoma however, normal mucosa did not show stromal positivity with significant difference (p = 0.03). Glandular JCV expression was significantly associated with high grade (p = 0.03), high mitotic index (p=0.02) and low apoptotic index (p = 0.00). Positive stromal signals were significantly associated with low apoptosis (p = 0.00). No positive nuclear immunostaining of JCV large T antigen was detected in all specimens. JCV stromal expression was the 2nd most powerful indicator of short survival and bad prognosis (p = 0.03) in CRC patients. JCV might play an etiological role in CRC tumorogenesis and short survival in Egyptian CRC patients.