C. parvum is one of the infectious agents that may induce intestinal dysplasia, including the high-grade category, which occurs particularly in the presence of immune suppression states and elevated endogenous parasite loads. Cyclin D1 is a good and useful marker for the detection of intestinal dysplasia. The effectiveness of NTZ is dependent on the immune status of the infected host.

Background: Suppression of apoptosis is generally one of the accepted pathogenetic mechanisms for psoriasis and any epidermal hyperproliferative states. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family mediating its apoptosis suppressive function by the inhibition of caspase pathway. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is a transcription factor that regulates hundreds of genes including many critically involved in apoptosis. The aim of this study was to explore the role could be played by survivin and NF-kB in psoriasis and the link between them. Methods: Thirty cases of lesional psoriasis, 10 perilesional and 10 control specimens from normal skin were studied by immunohistochemical method for expression of survivin and NF-kB. Results: Survivin was detected in 73% of psoriatic lesions distributed either in epidermis, in endothelial cells of proliferating capillaries or in both of them. In non-psoriatic lesions either perilesional or control specimens, survivin was confined to basal layer of epidermis, significantly up regulated in psoriasis in comparison with non-psoriatic lesions (p ¼ 0.0001). Nuclear expression of NF-kB was detected in 66% of psoriatic lesions; this active phosphorylated form was significantly over expressed in psoriasis in comparison with normal skin (p ¼ 0.0004). Diffuse nuclear expression of NF-kB was significantly associated with up-regulation of survivin in psoriatic plaque (p ¼ 0.03). Conclusions: Survivin and NF-kB appeared to be important factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Survivin could be the target of NF-kB mediating its death signal inhibition pathway in psoriasis.Abdou AG, Hanout HM. Evaluation of survivin and NF-kB in psoriasis, an immunohistochemical study.

CD10 is a cell surface zinc metalloprotease expressed in a variety of normal cell types, including lymphoid precursor cells, germinal centre B lymphocytes and some epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of CD10 in bladder carcinoma. The expression of CD10 was immunohistochemically assessed in 49 cases of primary bladder carcinoma in comparison with 10 non-neoplastic normal bladder mucosa specimens. 27 cases (55%) were tumour CD10(+) and tumour CD10 positivity was significantly correlated with advanced stage, larger tumor size, and shorter mean survival time. Extensive tumoral staining assessed by H score further documented the positive correlation of CD10 with worse prognostic factors in the whole group and its subdivisions (SCC and TCC), in addition to its significant association with bilharziasis in SCC. Only CD10-tumour positivity in the whole group proved to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival by multivariate analysis. No significant value of stromal CD10 expression in the investigated bladder carcinoma cases was found. This study points to the prognostic value of neoplastic CD10 expression in bladder carcinoma and its possible importance in facilitating tumour invasion and metastasis. Bilharziasis could have a role in upregulation of CD10 expression in SCC.

Helicobacter pylori may have a role in the exacerbation of urticarial symptoms, even though it is not involved directly in its etiology, and its eradication may lead to symptom improvement in a considerable number of infected urticaria patients. The severity of symptoms is dependent on the density of bacterial infection and the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate in the gastric biopsy.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer with multiple risk factors including exposure to ionising radiation. Oestrogens contribute to papillary carcinoma development by promoting cell proliferation and invasion of mutated epithelial follicular cells. The present study aimed to assess ER-α and PR expression in PTC and to correlate their expression with the clinicopathological parameters in this cancer. This study included 62 primary and six metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma cases. Nineteen and 38.7% of primary PTC cases showed positive nuclear expression for ER and PR, respectively. Metastatic cases showed 66.7% positive ER expression and all were negative for PR. Oestrogen receptor expression showed significant higher positivity in metastatic compared to primary PTC (p = 0.02) and it was significantly associated with primary PTC associated with thyroiditis (p = .002). Progesterone receptor expression was significantly associated with old age in primary PTC (p = .003) and it showed significant coparallel expression with ER (p = .000). Oestrogen and progesterone receptors expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma opening the door for further studies to verify if those patients could benefit from hormonal therapy. Oestrogen receptor seems to have a role in metastatic process of PTC as malignant cells express it in metastatic more than primary site. The presence of lymphocytes in the stroma may promote ER expression in adjacent PTC, necessitating further studies on PTC cases associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis to verify this assumed relationship.

Many inflammatory mediators and other biological markers are upregulated in psoriatic lesions; some of these alterations also persist in nonlesional skin. Glucose is the major source of energy for cells, and glucose transporter 1 is the most common glucose transporter in humans (GLUT-1). The present study aimed at evaluating the pattern of expression of GLUT-1 and Ki-67 in psoriatic skin (involved and uninvolved) and correlating their expression with the clinicopathological parameters in the studied patients. This study was carried out on 30 patients presented with chronic plaque psoriasis and 10 apparently healthy volunteers as a control group. GLUT-1 was not expressed in epidermis of normal skin, whereas it was expressed in 76.6% of uninvolved and 86.7% of involved skin of psoriatic patients, where both the latter differed significantly regarding the intensity (P = 0.001) and localization (P = 0.001) of GLUT-1 expression. The percentage of Ki-67 expression did not differ significantly between involved and uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients, but they were higher than that of normal skin of control group. Nucleolar pattern of Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with male sex (P = 0.05), marked parakeratosis (P = 0.01), and marked angiogenesis (P = 0.05). GLUT-1 expression was associated with degree of acanthosis and percentage of Ki-67 expression. From this study, GLUT-1 is upregulated in psoriatic epidermis and may be involved in facilitation of keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. Nucleolar pattern of Ki-67 is an indicator of progressive keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis.

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