Cardiovascular diseases contributed to 353 million disability-adjusted life years globally in 2016, of which 44% were attributed to smoking (Gakidou et al., 2017; Naghavi et al., 2017). Similarly, smoking was among the top contributors to disability-adjusted life years in Indonesia in 2017, particularly among males (Mboi et al., 2018). Smoking prevalence among men (15+ years) is among the highest in the world at 67%, while that among boys (13-14 years) is high at 36.2% (Ministry of Health, 2011; World Health Organization, 2018). The smoke-free policy (SFP), recommended by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, has been among the most effective policy against smoking. Previous studies showed that it is associated with reduced smoking rates in the United States, reduced indoor smoking in the United Kingdom, lowered secondhand smoke exposure in New Zealand, reduced myocardial mortality in Belgium, and increased indoor air quality in 15 countries in North America and Europe (

First report of Begomovirus infection on papaya in Bengkulu, Indonesia. A field survey was conducted during 2019, wefound a severe systemic yellow mosaic, striped green mosaic on leaves petiole, green spots on the fruit of papaya, leafmalformation, and stunting symptoms on three papaya cultivation area in Rejang Lebong, Kepahiang, Bengkulu Tengah, andSeluma, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. A begomo-like virus was inferred to be the possible cause of the virus-disease-likesymptoms. The study aimed to identify the causal of those typical symptoms on papaya. PCR using universal primer fortranscriptional activator protein (TrAp) and replication-associated protein (Rep) gene of Begomovirus successfully amplifiedthe DNA fragments of 900 bp in all 10 detected samples, except for samples with leaf malformation and stunting symptoms. Itis indicating that those typical symptoms on papaya is associated with Begomovirus infection, while the causal of leafmalformation and stunting is unknown yet. This work is the first report of Begomovirus infected papaya in Indonesia. Severedisease incidence caused by this pathogen was observed on papaya plants in Bengkulu Province that was in the range of 42–100%. This finding is a precious information to be used for identification, and characterization the species of the virus,determining control strategies against the disease.

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Coccomorpha) are a very important insect group containing numerous pests of woody and herbaceous plants worldwide. The only complete study of any scale insects in Indonesia was by D.J. Williams on the mealybugs (Pseudococcidae sensu lato), published in 2004; the other scale insect families have only been documented in various small publications. Here we provide a complete checklist of the scale insects of Indonesia, which now contains 364 species belonging to 136 genera in 16 families. The family Diaspididae is the most diverse, with 158 species belonging to 44 genera, followed by Pseudococcidae with 105 species belonging to 32 genera, and Coccidae with 65 species belonging to 22 genera. The other families are, in order of size: Monophlebidae (26 species belonging to 9 genera), Rhizoecidae (12 species belonging to 4 genera), Asterolecaniidae (11 species belonging to 5 genera), Leconodiaspidae (7 species belonging to 3 genera), Cerococcidae (5 species belonging to 3 genera), Xenococcidae (5 species belonging to 2 genera), Ortheziidae (4 species belonging to 3 genera), Eriococcidae (4 species belonging to 2 genera), Aclerdidae (2 species belonging to 1 genus), and Kermesidae (1 species belonging to 1 genus).

Natural incidence of entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi on Spodoptera frugiperda infesting corn in Bengkulu. Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new invasive pest in corn. The intensive use of synthetic insecticides for pest control causing various problems such as resistance, pest resurgence, and environmental damage. To solve these problems, entomopathogenic fungi could be used as an alternative in pest management. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the natural incidence of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) entomopathogenic fungus on S. frugiperda in Bengkulu. The research was carried out by exploring the corn producing areas in Bengkulu for                N. rileyi incidence. The results showed that the N. rileyi was occurred naturally infected S. frugiperda larvae reached 79.0%. Meanwhile, the percentage of crops damage due to S. frugiperda was ranged from 40.0 to 96.0%. The highest natural incidence of N. rileyi  were found in the Village of Bukit Barisan and Tugu Rejo (79.0%), followed by Pulo Geto Baru (25.0%), and Taba Mulan (5.3%) while the lowest incidence was in Sidomulyo (1.0%). The infected larvae were not found in the Napal, Beringin Raya 1, and Beringin Raya 2, despite the percentage of S. frugiperda attacks was reached 50.0; 50.0 and 74.0%, respectively.

Usaha sampingan strategis masyarakat seperti ternak unggas dan ikan telah terbukti mampu menopang perekonomian masyarakat desa dan perkotaan, namun kondisi ini mengalami penurunan dan bahkan cendrung ditinggalkan karena terbatasnya sumber pakan alami serta mahalnya harga pakan dampak dari naiknya nilai tukar rupiah dan perubahan iklim yang ekstrim. Salah satu usaha mengatasi permasalah tersebut adalah dengan introduksi pemanfaatan potensi sumberdaya lokal yaitu biokonversi limbah pertanian milik masyarakat desa melalui program Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (PPM). Kegiatan PPM dilakukan dari bulan Juli ̶ Agustus 2019 di Desa Lawang Agung, Kecamatan Air Periukan, Kabupaten Seluma yang merupakan desa binaan Jurusan Perlindungan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu. Hasil kegiatan PPM ini telah mampu melatih para petani muda usia 18 ̶ 45 tahun dalam memanfaatkan sampah loading ramp pabrik kelapa sawit dan limbah batang jagung untuk media budidaya maggot Hermetia. Meskipun paket teknologi PkM telah diketahui oleh 50% peserta sebelum program dimulai, namun tidak satupun peserta yang pernah mencobanya. Daya serap teknologi dan kemampuan praktek peserta sangatlah tinggi yaitu berurutan mencapai 93% dan 100%. Ketertarikan peserta untuk menerapkan usaha mencapai 80%. Masalah gender ditemukan dalam program penerapan iptek ini yaitu peserta wanita kurang tertarik untuk melanjutkan budidaya maggot Hermetia karena bentuknya yang tidak disukai.