Natural incidence of entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi on Spodoptera frugiperda infesting corn in Bengkulu. Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new invasive pest in corn. The intensive use of synthetic insecticides for pest control causing various problems such as resistance, pest resurgence, and environmental damage. To solve these problems, entomopathogenic fungi could be used as an alternative in pest management. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the natural incidence of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) entomopathogenic fungus on S. frugiperda in Bengkulu. The research was carried out by exploring the corn producing areas in Bengkulu for N. rileyi incidence. The results showed that the N. rileyi was occurred naturally infected S. frugiperda larvae reached 79.0%. Meanwhile, the percentage of crops damage due to S. frugiperda was ranged from 40.0 to 96.0%. The highest natural incidence of N. rileyi were found in the Village of Bukit Barisan and Tugu Rejo (79.0%), followed by Pulo Geto Baru (25.0%), and Taba Mulan (5.3%) while the lowest incidence was in Sidomulyo (1.0%). The infected larvae were not found in the Napal, Beringin Raya 1, and Beringin Raya 2, despite the percentage of S. frugiperda attacks was reached 50.0; 50.0 and 74.0%, respectively.
[TESTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FUNGI Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) ON MORTALITY OF POD BORER (Riptortus linearis F.) ON SOYBEAN]. To control pod borer (Riptortus linearis F). on soybean using chemical insecticides can cause pollution to the environment, kill non-targeted insects and evolve pest resistance. The use of entomopathogenic fungus is an environmentally friendly alternative, one of which is Beauveria bassiana. (Bals.). The purpose of this study was to obtain an effective concentration of Beauveria bassiana fungi that can kill the pod borer at the 50% level. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 levels of fungi and 3 replications, where each experimental unit used 2 polybags. Each treatment unit used 10 pod borers. The concentration of B. bassiana consisted of 105, 106, 107, 108 and 109 conidia / mL, and without fungi application as a control. The results indicated that the treatment of B. bassiana concentration on R. linearis significantly affected the percentage of mortality and the number of infected R. linearis, but no significant effect on the time of death, number of pods/plants and percentage of the number of damaged soybean pods. The mortality of R. linearis is classified as low, that is, less than 50%.
Melon is a fruit plant that has the potential to be developed and can become a superior horticultural product. The demand for melons continuously increases yearly, requiring a large and continuous supply. Fruit must be available at any time in sufficient quantity and quality to be used as an agricultural commodity with high economic value. Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a significant pest that attacks the leaves and fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, including economically important crops such as melon. Studies on Diaphania pests that attack melon leaves and fruit have not been widely studied in Indonesia. Also, due to the cases happening of leaf and fruit-eating attacks in Bengkulu, proper pest control efforts are needed. One of the basics for determining how to control is to know the population density and the level of damage caused by these pests. This research was conducted on the farmers' land in Sri Kuncoro Village, Pondok Kelapa Sub-District, Bengkulu Tengah Regency, November 2021-January 2022. The variables observed were the population density of D. indica, the percentage of leaf damage, and the percentage of parasitic larvae. The results showed variations in the density of D. indica larvae and the percentage of leaf damage. The mean population density of larvae was 1.47 per plant, and the percentage of infected leaves was 29.49%. Parasitoids associated with D. indica larvae were found in Apanteles spp, with a percentage of parasitized D. indica larvae of 46.67%.
Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) attacks many citrus plants over the world. This study reveals mealybug species attack on citrus grown at three different altitude levels: lowlands (<400 m above sea level (asl)), moderate lands (400-800 m asl), and highlands (>800 m asl) in Bengkulu Province. The results record nine species of mealybugs namely Dysmicoccus arachidis Williams, Dysmicoccus lepelleyi (Betrem), Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell), Ferrisia virgate (Cockerell), Paracoccus tripurae Williams, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, Planococcus dischidiae (Takahashi) and Rastrococcus chinensis Ferris. The species of R. chinensis is only found in the lowlands. Furthermore, P. comstocki is only found in the moderate lands and P. discidiae is only found in the highlands. D. arachidis, F. dasylirii, and R. chinensis are new insects pest on citrus. The key of those species is also included.
Banana is a horticultural crop that has economic value and is widely cultivated in tropical countries. Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) is the cause of dwarf disease in banana plants (Musa. sp). The vector for the spread of this banana dwarf disease is the banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa). BBTV has been reported in various regions of Indonesia, having been reported in Bengkulu in 2020. However, data on the resistance of BBTV infections in Indonesia are still very limited. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of three types of bananas (Barangan, Kepok, and Ambon Hijau) to BBTV infection. In this study, two treatments were carried out, namely inoculated and without BBTV virus inoculation with three types of bananas. BBTV detection was carried out using the PCR method. BBTV transmission using aphids succeeded in infecting the test plants with a disease incidence of 12.5% to 75.0% at 30 DAI. The most common symptom seen is, slightly yellowed leaf edges. the severity of BBTV on the Barangan banana plant was 20.83%, kepok was 4.17% and Ambon Hijau was 25.00%. Samples on the leaves of the test banana plant that showed symptoms of BBTV were taken for detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with a pair of related NSP primers in the BBTV genome with a size of ± 500 bp. The results of the detection of BBTV virus showed that the types of bananas that were resistant to BBTV were Kepok bananas, Barangan bananas and Ambon Hijau types which showed moderate resistance to BBTV
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