DETECTION OF TUNGRO VIRUS ON RICE IN BENGKULU]. Several types of viruses have been reported to infect rice plants in Indonesia, including tungro, dwarf grass, and empty dwarfs. The spread of tungro in Indonesia in the beginning was only limited to certain regions in South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara and North Sulawesi, but later it expanded to East Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta. In this study a tungro disease survey was conducted in several areas in Bengkulu Province. Virus detection is done by Loop-medated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Observations in the field showed that there were typical symptoms of tungro infection in rice plants, namely orange leaves starting from leaves to 2 and 3, little tillers, stunted plant growth. The results of detection with Lamp-PCR showed rice samples from the district Pondok Kelapa Kab Bengkulu Tengah is positively infected with tungro virus.
Melon is a fruit plant that has the potential to be developed and can become a superior horticultural product. The demand for melons continuously increases yearly, requiring a large and continuous supply. Fruit must be available at any time in sufficient quantity and quality to be used as an agricultural commodity with high economic value. Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a significant pest that attacks the leaves and fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, including economically important crops such as melon. Studies on Diaphania pests that attack melon leaves and fruit have not been widely studied in Indonesia. Also, due to the cases happening of leaf and fruit-eating attacks in Bengkulu, proper pest control efforts are needed. One of the basics for determining how to control is to know the population density and the level of damage caused by these pests. This research was conducted on the farmers' land in Sri Kuncoro Village, Pondok Kelapa Sub-District, Bengkulu Tengah Regency, November 2021-January 2022. The variables observed were the population density of D. indica, the percentage of leaf damage, and the percentage of parasitic larvae. The results showed variations in the density of D. indica larvae and the percentage of leaf damage. The mean population density of larvae was 1.47 per plant, and the percentage of infected leaves was 29.49%. Parasitoids associated with D. indica larvae were found in Apanteles spp, with a percentage of parasitized D. indica larvae of 46.67%.
A field survey was conducted during 2019, we found a severe systemic yellow mosaic, striped green mosaic on leaves petiole, green spots on the fruit of papaya, leaf malformation, and stunting symptoms on three papaya cultivation area in Rejang Lebong, Kepahiang, Bengkulu Tengah, and Seluma, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. A begomo-like virus was inferred to be the possible cause of the virus-disease-like symptoms. The study aimed to identify the causal of those typical symptoms on papaya. PCR using universal primer for transcriptional activator protein (TrAp) and replication-associated protein (Rep) gene of Begomovirus successfully amplified the DNA fragments of 900 bp in all 10 detected samples, except for samples with leaf malformation and stunting symptoms. It is indicating that those typical symptoms on papaya is associated with Begomovirus infection, while the causal of leaf malformation and stunting is unknown yet. This work is the first report of Begomovirus infected papaya in Indonesia. Severe disease incidence caused by this pathogen was observed on papaya plants in Bengkulu Province that was in the range of 42–100%. This finding is a precious information to be used for identification, and characterization the species of the virus, determining control strategies against the disease.
Resistance performance of six groundnut varieties to Soybean Pod Borer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke) at high and low elevation in Bengkulu. Soybean pod borer (SPB), Etiella zinckenella Treitschke, often caused serious pod damage and reduced pod yield in several groundnut central in Bengkulu. Field trials were conducted in two locations, Air Dingin (Rejang Lebong, 900 m asl.) and Kuro Tidur (Bengkulu Utara, 200 m asl.) to evaluate resistance performance of groundnut varieties to SPB. Six varieties, Jerapah, Kacil, Bison, Pather, Singa dan Singa, were grown in Air Dingin. Five varieties ( as above but minus Sima) were grown in Kuro Tidur. Susceptible local variety was used as control. Varieties were arranged in plots in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times, in 3 m x 5 m plots and 20 cm x 30 cm planting space. Dolomite was applied at doses of 0.333 ton ha-1 in Air Dingin and 3 ton ha-1 in Kuro Tidur. Plants were fertilized with N (Urea) - P (TSP) - K (KCl) at the nationally recommended doses (70 - 125 - 70 kg ha-1). Damaged pods and larval density were observed three times at 63, 77 and 93 day after sowing (SAW). Undamaged pods was weighted at harvest. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and LSD to separate varietal means. The results revealed that the numbers and percetages of damaged pods incresed with plant age. Four groundnut varieties (Kancil, Panther, Singa and Sima) suffered significantly less pod damage than local variety and the other two (Jerapah and Bison), and therefore they are more resistance than the last three. Regardless of varieties, pod damage was significantly higher in Kuro Tidur than that in Air Dingin. The weight of undamage pods of resistance varieties was significantly higher than that of local, but was not significantly difference from that of Bison and Jerapah, in Air Dingin. In contrast, there was no significant different undamage pod weight between all varieties in Kuro Tidur.
In this study, a survey for determining the pseudococcid mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) complex of bamboo was conducted in several provinces in Sumatra and Java Island-Indonesia, a part of Indo-Asian regions. The research collected 85 mealybug specimens consisting of five species within 4 genera namely Antonina Signoret (2 species), Chaetococcus Maskell (1 species), Dysmicoccus Ferris (1 species), and Palmicultor Williams (1 species). Antonina pretiosa Ferris and Dysmicoccus zeynepae are newly recorded for the Indonesian Sunda shelf. The identification key of Indonesian bamboo mealybugs and their distribution data are also updated.
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