Abstract-Poverty is still an insistent problem which when confronted by humanity requires a systemic, comprehensive and synchronized approach to alleviate it. The concentration of urban and rural poverty in developing countries underpins the importance of agriculture as a poverty reduction strategy since most of the poor people depend on agriculture. Thus, improving agricultural productivity, competitiveness and sustainability may reduce poverty. This study was intended to (1) find out if sustainable agriculture, i.e., horticultural organic farming practices, could contribute to poverty reduction, (2) identify restrictive factors affecting horticulture organic farming development, and (3) formulate alternative policy intervention for poverty alleviation based on development of organic farming. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling method, comprising of 22 selfclaimed horticultural organic farmers and 22 horticultural conventional farmers. The data were gathered through a structuredquestionnaire and in-depth interview. Descriptive statistics, prospective analyses and analytical hierarchy process were used to analyze the data. The results showed that organic farming practices have potential to increase income of the horticultural farmers. Factors that constrained the development of horticultural organic farming were limited knowledge of organic practices, access to market, financial and risk management services or support. Alternative policy interventions, such as developing a linkage between producers and consumers, strengthening research and development on organic farming, enhancing dissemination knowledge of organic farming practices, and providing access to financial and agriculture management, are proposed.
Natural incidence of entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi on Spodoptera frugiperda infesting corn in Bengkulu. Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new invasive pest in corn. The intensive use of synthetic insecticides for pest control causing various problems such as resistance, pest resurgence, and environmental damage. To solve these problems, entomopathogenic fungi could be used as an alternative in pest management. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the natural incidence of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) entomopathogenic fungus on S. frugiperda in Bengkulu. The research was carried out by exploring the corn producing areas in Bengkulu for N. rileyi incidence. The results showed that the N. rileyi was occurred naturally infected S. frugiperda larvae reached 79.0%. Meanwhile, the percentage of crops damage due to S. frugiperda was ranged from 40.0 to 96.0%. The highest natural incidence of N. rileyi were found in the Village of Bukit Barisan and Tugu Rejo (79.0%), followed by Pulo Geto Baru (25.0%), and Taba Mulan (5.3%) while the lowest incidence was in Sidomulyo (1.0%). The infected larvae were not found in the Napal, Beringin Raya 1, and Beringin Raya 2, despite the percentage of S. frugiperda attacks was reached 50.0; 50.0 and 74.0%, respectively.
Increasing soybean production can be done by growing the crops in marginal soil, such as saline soil. Therefore, saline-tolerant genotypes are important to support the cultivation. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the performance of 18 soybean varieties grown under salinity stress. The experiment was done from May to July 2021 at the greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, about 10 m above sea level. Soybean seedlings were grown in 10 cm diameter plastic pots fertilized with AB-mix solutions supplemented with 0 or 6 dSm-1 NaCl for 15 days. The growth and stress-tolerant index of the seedlings were measured. The results showed that soybean variety had different growth as responses to salinity. Moreover, salinity stress imposed at 6 dSm-1 NaCl significantly reduced crops growth and promoted leaf senescence. We found that 18 soybeans varieties were classified as salinity tolerant at 6 dSm-1. Keywords: saline, soybean varieties, tolerant
Serangan hama merupakan salah satu masalah dalam budidaya jagung, karena selain dapat menurunkan kualitas jagung juga dapat menurunkan kuantitasnya sehingga perlu dikendalikan. Insektisida nabati merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh aplikasi insektisida nabati terhadap beberapa hama penting pada jagung manis yang ditanamproduksi secara konvensional. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 8 perlakuan yaitu tanpa aplikasi insektisida, insektisida sintentik (DuPont Lannate 25 WP bahan aktif metomil 25%sebutkan apa), ekstrak biji pinang (Areca catechu L.) (70 g/l), ekstrak biji srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) (15 g/l), ekstrak daun bintaro (Cerbera manghas) (80 g/l), ekstrak biji pinang dan biji srikaya (70 g/l dan 15 g/l), ekstrak biji pinang dan daun bintaro (70 g/l dan 80 g/l), dan ekstrak biji srikaya dan daun bintaro (15 g/l dan 80 g/l). Variable pengamatan dalam penelitian meliputi Jumlah lubang gerekan pada batang dan gerekan tongkol jagung, jumlah larva dan pupa, mortalitas larva, jumlah rambut jagung yang putus, tingkat keusakan pada daun akibat serangan S. frugiperda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah lubang gerekan per batang dan jumlah gerekan pada tongkol pasca aplikasi beberapa jenis insektisida berkisar antara 0,033 sampai 0,633 lubang dan 0,00 sampai 0,40 lubang. Aplikasi ekstrak biji pinang dan daun bintaro (70 g/l dan 80 g/l) memiliki efektifitas yang sama dengan insektisida sintetis dalam mengendalikan hama O. furnacalis, H. armigera dan S. frugiperda dan ekstrak daun bintaro (80 g/l) juga memiliki efektifitas cenderung sama dengan insektisida sintetis dalam menekan populasi larva H. armigera dan S. frugiperda, dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ekstrak biji pinang dan daun bintaro efektif mengendalikan O. furnacalis, H. armigera dan S. frugiperda.
Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important agricultural pests because it has a high reproductive rate and resulted in economic losses. One of the H. armigera control techniques that is in accord with IPM principle is the utilizing of entomopathogenic fungus. The aim of this research was to test the pathogenicity of Lecanicillium (Lecanicillium sp. PTN01) against H. armigera. Pathogenicity test was conducted by conidia application of Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 on both the larvae and eggs at density of 105, 106, 107 conidia/ml. The control group was only treated with steril water. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for molecular identification Lecanicillium sp. PTN01. The results showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 able to inhibit egg hatching 13.75%, and cause mortality of first instar larval survival 98.75%. The result of virulence test to the highest larval mortality at 107 conidia/ml density was 41,25%, with the values of LT25, 50, 75 were 3.95, 7.12, 12.82 (days) and LC25, 50, 75 were 4.6 x 105, 1.7 x 106, 4.6 x 109 (conidia/ml). The DNA sequence analysis of ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 was similar to fungus species L. kalimantanense strain BTCC F23 with 94% homology.
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