Latarbelakang: Suatu parameter diperlukan dalam layanan atau kegiatan kesehatan, antara lain untuk menentukan kapasitas fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan parameter kapasitas fungsi untuk dewasa sehat Indonesia berupa rumus prediksi O 2 maksimal. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 123 subjek (58 laki-laki dan 65 perempuan) dewasa sehat Indonesia dengan sikap hidup sedentary, dengan metode potong-lintang. Hasil: Dirancang dengan memasukkan jarak tempuh disertai berturut-turut tinggi badan, berat badan, jenis kelamin, umur, denyut jantung tertinggi yang didapat dari uji jalan di lintasan dan kapasitas paru (VEP1 dan KVP) setelah didapati berkorelasi baik (kecuali berat badan) dengan O 2 maksimal. Diperoleh tiga rumus baru dengan delapan variabel, enam variabel dan lima variabel. Pada uji menggunakan rumus baru didapati hasil O 2 maksimal yang sesuai dengan baku emas O 2 maksimal menggunakan Cosmed ® C-P ex. Kesimpulan: Rumus Nury merupakan prediksi ambilan oksigen maksimal yang tepat untuk dewasa sehat Indonesia karena dirancang dengan subjek Indonesia (ras Mongoloid) dibanding rumus Cahalin (ras Kaukasia). Rumus Nury dengan lima variabel lebih mudah diaplikasikan karena tidak memerlukan alat ukur dan tenaga yang berkompetensi khusus.

AbstrakDi Indonesia umumnya pasien kanker serviks datang berobat pada stadium lanjut (62 %)

Objective To develop and validate a risk score model for recognizing prediabetes among Indonesian adults in primary care. Methods This was a cross-sectional diagnostic study. After excluding subjects with diabetes from Indonesian National Basic Health Survey (INBHS) data set, 21,720 subjects who have completed fasting plasma glucose test and aged >18 years were selected for development stage. About 6,933 subjects were selected randomly from INBHS for validation stage in different diagnostic criteria of prediabetes-based random plasma glucose. Logistic regression was used to determine significant diagnostic variable and the receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to calculate area under the curve (AUC), cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Results Age, sex, education level, family history of diabetes, smoking habit, physical activity, body mass index, and hypertension were significant variables for Indonesian Prediabetes Risk Score (INA-PRISC). The scoring range from 0 to 24, the AUC was 0.623 (95% CI 0.616–0.631) and cutoff point of 12 yielded sensitivity/specificity (50.03%/67.19%, respectively). The validation study showed the AUC was 0.646 (95% CI 0.623–0.669) and cutoff point of 12 yielded sensitivity/specificity (55.11%/65.81%, respectively). Conclusion INA-PRISC, which consists of eight demographical and clinical variables, is a valid and a simple prediabetes risk score in primary care.

BACKGROUND:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide. The most common complication of DM is diabetic neuropathy (DN), especially diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Vitamin D plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DN, thus affecting its severity which can be assessed using nerve conduction study (NCS).AIM:This study aimed to develop a predictive model of DPN severity based on vitamin D level.METHODS:This was a prospective cohort study involving 50 subjects with DM which was conducted in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. All subjects were fulfilling inclusion criteria underwent laboratory examination to determine HbA1c and 25 (OH) D levels. Predictive variables were sex, age, duration of DM, smoking status, type and number of anti-diabetic drugs, the presence of metabolic syndrome, HbA1c and vitamin D levels. A scoring system was developed to determine a predictive model. The DPN severity was assessed using NCS and was re-evaluated after 3 months.RESULTS:Most of the subjects were female (60%), belonged to ≥ 50 years old age-group (88%), with DM duration < 5 years (56%), were non-smoker (90%), we’re using one anti-diabetic drug (60%), were using insulin (50%), had metabolic syndrome (68%), had HbA1c level > 6.5% (94%), and had vitamin D level < 20 ng/ml (56%). A score of > 4 on this predictive model of DPN severity had a relative risk (RR) of 2.70. The predictive model had a sensitivity of 82.8% and specificity of 61.9%.CONCLUSION:A score of higher than 4 on this predictive model showed a 2.7 times higher risk of severe DPN. A predictive model of DPN severity based on vitamin D level had high sensitivity and specificity.

Background: Stigma is one of the main factors causing pasung (physical restraint or confinement in Indonesian terms) in schizophrenia patients. It is the main obstacle to reducing the number of pasung throughout the world. Thus, there is a need for appropriate interventions to reduce stigma in schizophrenia patients who go through pasung. This study aims to identify multilevel stigma interventions in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung (physical restraint and confinement). It can be applied and adapted to various cultural contexts. Design and Methods: Quasi-experimental research with pretest and post-test analysis consists of 82 people with schizophrenia who go through pasung. Respondents were divided into the intervention group and the control group. A multilevel stigma intervention was given to the intervention group for three months.Results: There was a significant difference in the average stigma score in the control group (moderate category stigma) and the intervention group (mild category stigma) after multilevel stigma intervention (p-value = 0.04). The average stigma score of schizophrenia patients in the intervention group decreased by 8.2%, while the average stigma score in the control group increase of 20.4%.Conclusions: Multilevel stigma interventions are effective in reducing stigma in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung. We underline that multilevel stigma interventions through collaboration from various parties can provide great opportunities in stigma reduction programs in people with schizophrenia who go through pasung.

penelitian ini bertujuan menilai prevalensi asma pada anak sekoLah berumur l3-14 tahun di Jakarta Timur Penelitian ini bersifat suryei cross secilàna! pada 22i4 pelajar sekolah menengah berumur antara 13-14 tahun di Jakarta Timur pada tahun 2001 menggunakan kuesioner ISAAC. Uji piovokasi bronkus menggunakan metakolin pada 186 pelajar. Berdasarkan kuestoner ISAAC didipltkan 7,20À pelajar mempunyai riwdyat mengi, 4,1% mengalami mengi dalam 12 buLan terakhir, I,8oÀ pernah mengalami ,rrorgon asma beiat àalam l2'bulan terakhir, 3,3?6 mengalami mengi sesudah latihan, dan 6,3'% mengalami batuk pada malam hari, sedaigkan mereka tidak sedang menderitafu. Prevalensi penyakit alopi seperti rinitis dan eksim terdapat pada 14,2'% dan 3'9'% subjei, sedangkan prevalensi rinitis dan elcim dalam l2 bulan terakhir adalah 10,6'% dan 2,9?6. Secara statislik terdapat hubungan beimakna antara ge.lala mengi dan atopi (p < 0,05). Dari kuesioner nilai kappa bermakna 0,84 berhubungan dengan mengi dalam 12 bulan terakhir. LIjl provokai bronkus minunjukkan sensitivitas 90% dan spesiJisitas 83,5%, nîlai predÎl

AbstrakLatar belakang: Scaffold (biomaterial) adalah rangka yang digunakan dalam transplantasi sel punca mesenkimal. Sebelum digunakan perlu dilakukan uji biokompatibilitas secara in vitro melalui pengujian toksisitas langsung dan tak langsung MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl AbstractBackground: Scaffold (biomaterial) biocompatibility test should be performed in vitro prior to in vivo stem cell application in animal or clinical trial. These test consists of direct and indirect toxicity test (MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]). Those tests were used to identify cell morphological changes, cell-substrate adhesion impairment, and reduction in cell proliferation activity.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is a major problem in Indonesia, placing Indonesia among the three major countries with the highest TB cases in the world. In addition, reporting of TB data from health service facilities, especially hospitals, is still weak. Since the implementation of Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) in hospitals in 1995, the number of new TB case reports from hospitals is still low. In order to increase hospital participation in TB control, the government has made a breakthrough strategy, which is the integration of the DOTS strategy in hospital accreditation.Design and methods: This study conducted a literature review and document analysis related TB control standards in hospital accreditation and the implication for the involvement of hospitals in national TB program. This study analyzed regulations, policies, and procedures, including hospital accreditation instruments and annual reports of TB.Results: Accreditation standards related to TB control include: i) Hospital must implement a tuberculosis control program in the hospital, including monitoring and evaluation through activities such as health promotion, tuberculosis surveillance, controlling risk factors, detection and treatment of tuberculosis cases, providing immunity and preventive drugs; ii) Hospital prepares resources for service delivery and tuberculosis control; iii) hospital provides facilities and infrastructures for tuberculosis services in accordance with regulations; and iv) hospital conducts tuberculosis services and efforts to control tuberculosis risk factors in accordance with regulations.Conclusions: Standards and elements of the assessment of TB control components in accreditation are adjusted to the national TB control guidelines.