Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the simple tube cystostomy procedure for management of urethral obstruction cases in ruminants. Materials and Methods:Tube cystostomy was used to treat a total of 58 ruminants, which included 35 buffalo calves and 23 goats. Diagnosis of the disease was made with the history of anuria, clinical signs, and physical examinations. Physical parameters like heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature dehydration status of animals by skin tenting test, and intraoperative findings were compared.Results: Young ruminants were most commonly affected and the mean age was 4-5 months in both species. Only male were considered for the study in which buffalo calves were not castrated but in goat's 73.91% animal were castrated and 34.7% not castrated. Rupture of bladder was more common in buffalo calves as compared to goats. The confirmed cases of obstructive urolithiasis were selected for tube cystostomy with Foley's catheter. Postoperatively all cases were administered with broad spectrum antibiotic, anti-inflammatory agent, and caliculolytic agents like ammonium chloride. Postoperative complications recorded only in 10 animals and remaining 48 animals had an uneventful recovery. Conclusion:Tube cystostomy is a simple and effective procedure particularly in intact urinary bladder, which can be adopted at field level.

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A retrospective study on incidence of lameness in domestic animals, 7(8): 601-604. Veterinary World IntroductionLameness is defined as an abnormal stance or gait caused by either a structural or a functional disorder of the locomotor system [1]. A variety of reasons for lameness have been reported, including heritable defects, congenital defects, developmental defects, growth defects, trauma, and infection. Lameness is very common in dogs due to their active nature. Musculoskeletal disorders are found to be more common cause than neurological disorder in dogs [2]. Shifting lameness was reported in dogs diagnosed for Lyme disease [3]. Age, sex and breed of the animals also influence the type and cause of lameness. In dairy cattle, main cause of lameness is pain in the limb, especially in the foot; hind feet are found to be more affected than front feet [4]. In piglets, rough and abrasive floors are found to be an important cause of lameness [5]. Lameness affects the viability, growth, reproduction and cause severe economic loss in pigs [6]. In cattle, economic loss can result from reduced

On the basis of the results bioengineered cell seeded scaffolds were found to be better than non-cell seeded scaffolds for the repair of abdominal wall defects in rats.

Twelve clinically healthy, adult male dogs randomly equally divided into two groups (I and II). Animals of both the groups received xylazine-ketamine anesthesia. Laparoscopic bilateral vasectomy was performed in group I, whereas in animals of group II in additition to vasectomy, spermatic artery-vein plexus were clipped with titanium clips at a distance of 1 to 2 cm. Insufflation of abdominal cavity was achieved by CO 2 (2 liter/minute) at 10 mm Hg pressure gradient. Clinical observations revealed no significant changes. Differential leukocyte count (DLC) revealed significant neutrophilia and comparative lymphopenia on 3rd postoperative in both groups. Significant increase (p < 0.05) in plasma alkaline and acid phosphatase level was observed on day 3 postoperatively. Indices of oxidative stress viz lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione activity and acute phase protein, ceruloplasmin level in plasma did not revealed any major significant changes but indicated that oxidative stress was more in group II animals. Plasma cortisol level increased significantly (p < 0.01) after operation and testosterone level showed gradual decrease (p > 0.05) up to 7th postoperative day in animals of group II. On the basis of the parameters studied, it can be concluded that capnoperitoneum at 10 mm Hg pressure gradient and CO 2 at the flow rate of 2 liter/minute provides optimum visualization of intra-abdominal organs and found suitable for laparoscopic sterilization in male dogs. The laparoscopic vasectomy alone in male dogs was found comparatively quick, less time consuming and can be successfully applied for mass sterilization program. Oxidative stress in laparoscopic vasectomy (group I) was less as compared to other group.

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