“…On the other hand, our results are incongruent with many previous studies which found nurses had a moderate level of empowerment (Azizi et al, 2020;Eskandari et al, 2017;Karimi et al, 2020;Khatun et al, 2020;Khoshmehr et al, 2020;Lyu et al, 2019;Moura et al, 2020;Royan et al, 2017). This study documented that the highest mean scores of psychological empowerment subscale were competence development as reported by CCUs nurses, which is similar to studies conducted in Iran (Khoshmehr et al, 2020;Royan et al, 2017).…”