Recomendações e práticas dos comportamentos saudáveis entre indivíduos com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial e diabetes no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Objective: To analyze healthy life style recommendations given in health care and the adoption of healthy behaviors among hypertension and diabetes patients. Methods: We analyzed the recommendations according to the place of the last health care visit (primary health care, other public facilities, and private health care facilities). The effects of having a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes on the adoption of healthy practices were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models, using sex, age, and educational level as control variables, and the following outcomes: current use of tobacco products; regular physical activity during leisure time; recommended intake of fruits and vegetables; perception of low salt intake; frequent consumption of sweets; and excessive alcohol consumption. Results: Approximately 88% of hypertension patients received recommendations to have a healthy diet, 91% to eat less salt, 83% to practice regular physical activity, and 76% to not to smoke. Among diabetic patients, all recommendations related to nutrition were very frequent, reaching 95% for the habit of having fruits and vegetables regularly. The effect of having a diagnosis of hypertension was significant for non-use of tobacco products and perception of low salt intake. The diagnosis of diabetes mainly influenced the habit of not consuming sweets often. Conclusion: Results evidenced that people with diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes give priority to not use (stop) harmful health behaviors than to adopt practices that will bring benefits to their health. It is necessary to promote not only the adverse effects of harmful habits, but also the benefits of healthy behaviors to aging well.

Prevalência da hipertensão arterial, do diabetes mellitus e da adesão às medidas comportamentais no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, 2003-2015

“…Estudos já apontaram a relação entre o conhecimento e a atitude de práticas saudáveis: as pessoas reconhecem a importância da adoção destas práticas, mas poucos mostram motivação concreta para adotá-las 37,45 . É necessário considerar os determinantes da escolha do estilo de vida, que muito provavelmente tem relações arraigadas no prazer sentido ao praticar alguns hábitos que são considerados não saudáveis 34 .…”

Atividades de autocuidado em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

“…26 These results reaffirm the evidence from a study developed with data from the 2013 National Health Survey: individuals with diabetes prioritize ending harmful habits, such as eating sweets, using tobacco and alcohol, adopting new habits/ practices that bring health benefits and contribute to glycemic control, such as regular physical activity or adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables. 27 Regarding foot care, the frequency of poor selfcare adherence with scores lower than those of several studies was found. 3,6,28 It is emphasized that to prevent foot complications, some care is essential, such as: daily examination of the feet for edema, erythema, callus, discoloration, cuts or perforations, and excessive dryness; maintaining hygiene, careful drying, especially between the toes, cutting nails straight, without leaving tips, and not wearing tight shoes.…”

Facilities and Difficulties in the Cessation of Tobacco in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…24 Já dados recentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde mostraram que ter diagnóstico de DM diminuiu significativamente o comportamento "uso atual de produtos de tabaco", mas principalmente o "consumo frequente de doces". 25 Assim, conforme identificado na presente pesquisa, os pacientes com DM2 parecerem acreditar que as restrições alimentares se configuram, mais fortemente, como ações de controle da doença que a própria cessação do tabaco. Nesse sentido, acredita-se ser necessário que ações mais incisivas de combate ao tabagismo entre pacientes com DM2 sejam levadas a cabo, favorecendo o entendimento de que o uso do tabaco também se relaciona a complicações e agravos da doença.…”