The instrument was shown to be adequate for estimating gender-based violence against women perpetrated by intimate partners and can be used in studies on this subject. It has high internal consistency and a capacity to discriminate between different forms of violence (psychological, physical and sexual) perpetrated in different social contexts. The instrument also characterizes the female victim and her relationship with the aggressor, thereby facilitating gender analysis.

Este estudo analisa os fatores associados à prevalência de diabetes segundo as variáveis demográficas socioeconômicas, condição de saúde e estilo de vida, o uso dos serviços de saúde e medidas e práticas de controle entre 872 idosos residentes na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. A prevalência de diabetes referida foi de 17,9%, valor acima do encontrado na população adulta. A maior prevalência de diabetes foi verificada entre idosos que relataram sua saúde como ruim/muito ruim, os que nunca beberam ou não bebem mais, os viúvos e entre os que se hospitalizaram pelo menos uma vez no último ano. Dentre os idosos, 69,9% procuraram o serviço rotineiramente por causa do diabetes e 96,1% foram atendidos no serviço que procuraram. Há falta de informação, conhecimento e a utilização de medidas de controle ainda é insuficiente entre os idosos. Fazem-se necessárias políticas de saúde com foco na capacitação de profissionais e na orientação familiar, e que incentivem mudanças no estilo de vida dos idosos.

Resumo A prevalência da simultaneidade de doenças específicas nos idosos ainda é pouco descrita na literatura. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência simultânea de hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus em idosos brasileiros, e os fatores contextuais e individuais a ela associados. Estudo transversal de base populacional com idosos (≥ 60 anos) entrevistados pelo Vigitel em 2012 (n = 10.991). As análises foram realizadas por meio de regressão de Poisson multinível no Stata 12. A média de idade dos idosos foi de 69,4 anos e a prevalência simultânea das doenças foi de 16,2% com variação nas capitais brasileiras. Em São Paulo e Curitiba as prevalências foram mais elevadas do que em Boa Vista e Manaus. Maiores prevalências foram observadas nas capitais das regiões Sul/Sudeste/Centro-Oeste, nos idosos de cor preta e parda, naqueles com escolaridade ≤ 8 anos de estudo, nos não fumantes e ex-fumantes, e com excesso de peso. Verificou-se o efeito da região geográfica na prevalência simultânea pela elevação de 23,5% na magnitude da razão de prevalencia, após ajuste para todas as variáveis individuais. Por meio do estudo, foi possível dimensionar o efeito do contexto onde estão inseridos os idosos (região de residência) sobre a prevalência das principais doenças que acometem e relacionam-se à mortalidade na população idosa na atualidade.

In men, hypertension was independently associated with age, nutritional status, and place of birth, whereas in women, the variables associated with hypertension were age, nutritional status, and type of alcoholic beverage.

Serum samples collected from 547 equids in the Pantanal region of Brazil were evaluated for antibodies to Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) by the agar gel immunodiffusion test. Risk factors associated with EIAV seropositivity were evaluated and spatial dependence investigated using a Spatial Lag Model. EIAV prevalence on farms in the Pantanal was 52.0% (13/25) with adjusted prevalence between equids of 31.5% (17.4-48.8% 95% CI). Intra-herd prevalence ranged from 5.0 to 77.0%. Statistical analysis demonstrated that farms and animals in regularly flooded areas had respectively 60 and 146 fold higher chance to be sero-positive than farms and animals located in non-flooded areas. Spatial Lag Model results were generally consistent with this conclusion although there was a negative spatial correlation between farms located within in regularly inundated regions, suggesting that other factors, such as management practices, probably play a significant role in transmission of EIAV. Equids with clinical signs were 3.74-fold more likely to be sero-positive than those without clinical signs. The results of this work reveal a high prevalence of EIAV in the Pantanal area of Brazil demonstrating that equids reared in this region are at great risk of infection.

Except for the hypertension prevalence, the telephone survey has proven to be a rapid alternative to provide global prevalence estimates of health conditions in the adult population of Campinas.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of diabetes in older people and the adopted control measures.METHODS Data regarding older diabetic individuals who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the Municipality of Sao Paulo, SP, ISA-Capital, in 2003 and 2008, which were cross-sectional studies, were analyzed. Prevalences and confidence intervals were compared between 2003 and 2008, according to sociodemographic variables. The combination of the databases was performed when the confidence intervals overlapped. The Chi-square (level of significance of 5%) and the Pearson’s Chi-square (Rao-Scott) tests were performed. The variables without overlap between the confidence intervals were not tested.RESULTS The age of the older adults was 60-69 years. The majority were women, Caucasian, with an income of between > 0.5 and 2.5 times the minimum salary and low levels of schooling. The prevalence of diabetes was 17.6% (95%CI 14.9;20.6) in 2003 and 20.1% (95%CI 17.3;23.1) in 2008, which indicates a growth over this period (p at the limit of significance). The most prevalent measure adopted by the older adults to control diabetes was hypoglycemic agents, followed by diet. Physical activity was not frequent, despite the significant differences observed between 2003 and 2008 results. The use of public health services to control diabetes was significantly higher in older individuals with lower income and lower levels of education.CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is a complex and challenging disease for patients and the health systems. Measures that encourage health promotion practices are necessary because they presented a smaller proportion than the use of hypoglycemic agents. Public health policies should be implemented, and aimed mainly at older individuals with low income and schooling levels. These changes are essential to improve the health condition of older diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze differences in sociodemographic characteristics associated with health in individuals with and without a residential telephone line. METHODS:Data from the ISA-Capital 2003(2003, a study performed in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, were analyzed. Residents who had a residential telephone line were compared to those who reported not having a telephone line, according to sociodemographic, lifestyle, health status and health service use variables. Bias associated with noncoverage of the population without a telephone line was estimated, decreasing after the use of post-stratifi cation adjustments. RESULTS:Of all the 1,878 interviewees aged more than 18 years, 80.1% had a residential telephone line. By comparing groups, the main sociodemographic differences among individuals who did not have a residential telephone line were the following: younger age, greater proportion of black and mixed individuals, smaller proportion of married interviewees, and greater proportion of unemployed individuals with a lower level of education. Residents without a residential telephone line had fewer health tests performed and smoked and drank more. In addition, this group took less medication, considered themselves to be in worse health conditions and used the SUS (National Health System) more frequently. When excluding the population without a telephone line from the analysis, estimates of dental consultations, alcoholism, drug use and SUS use to have a Papanicolaou test performed were those showing the highest bias. After post-stratifi cation adjustment, there was a decrease in the bias of estimates for the variables associated with ownership of a residential telephone line. CONCLUSIONS:The exclusion of residents without a telephone line was one of the main limitations to the studies performed in this way. However, the use of statistical techniques of post-stratifi cation adjustment enables a reduction in non-coverage bias.