Peran Lingkungan Dan Individu Terhadap Masalah Diare Di Pulau Jawa Dan Bali

Abstract


 Diarrhea is a major health problem in Indonesia with high morbidity and mortality rates. Unhealthy environment and unhygienic behavior are closely related to diarrhea disease. This study aims to identify the association between environmental conditions and behavior with the occurrence of diarrhea in Jawa and Bali. Data source used was the integration data of March’s Susenas and Riskesdas 2018. A logistic regression analysis was chosen to elicit the relationship between sanitation and drinking water facilities, open defecation practice, and other factors with the prevalence of diarrhea. The results showed that open defecation (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.29; P<0.001, and improper of household sanitation and drinking water (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.2; P = 0.003) had significant association with diarrhea. Other factors are age 0-5 years (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.46 to 1.66; P <0,001) and low education (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.47; P <0,001). This study shows the hygienic behavior is the essential factors to reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Therefore, it is recommended to to prioritize aspects of behavior and environmental health, namely changing people’s behavior to defecate in a latrine, and provide proper sanitation and sufficient drinking water. 
 Keywords: Diarrhea; sanitation; drinking water; open defecation
 
 ABSTRAK
 Penyakit diare merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang masih tinggi. Lingkungan yang tidak sehat dan perilaku tidak higienis sangat erat kaitannya dengan penyakit diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan dan perilaku dengan penyakit diare di pulau Jawa dan Bali. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data integrasi Susenas Maret dan Riskesdas 2018. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi logistik untuk melihat hubungan antara ketersediaan sanitasi dan air minum, perilaku buang air besar serta faktor lainnya terhadap kejadian diare. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor perilaku buang air besar sembarangan (OR = 1,2; 95% CI: 1,12 - 1,29; P <0,001) serta akses sanitasi dan air minum rumah tangga tidak layak/tidak tersedia (OR = 1,11; 95% CI: 1,04 - 1,2; P = 0,003) memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian diare. Faktor lainnya yaitu: usia 0-5 tahun (OR = 1,56; 95% CI: 1,46 - 1,66; P <0,001) dan pendidikan rendah (OR = 1,33; 95% CI: 1,21 - 1,47; P <0,001). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku higienis sangat penting untuk menurunkan kejadian diare. Oleh karena itu direkomendasikan untuk mengutamakan aspek perilaku dan kesehatan lingkungan, yaitu merubah perilaku masyarakat untuk BAB di jamban, serta menyediakan sanitasi dan air minum yang layak.
 Kata kunci: Diare, sanitasi, sarana air minum, buang air besar sembarangan

Analysis of The Influence of Nutritional Status Variables and Environmental Sanitation on The Event of Diarrhous to Children

“…Conceptually at a young age, children's body weight contains more water used in the body's metabolism. ((UNICEF), 2021)This is in line with research conducted by Dharmayanti and Tjandrarini (2020) using the 2013 Rikesda data on toddlers on the islands of Java and Bali, showing that children aged 0-5 years are more susceptible to diarrhea than those aged above (Dharmayanti & Tjandrarini, 2020). In addition, children's immune systems are also not perfect, so they are more susceptible to contracting diseases ((UNICEF), 2021).…”

Relationship Between Climate Variability, WASH and Diarrhea Cases in Indonesia

“…Sources of drinking water contaminated with bacteria or viruses can cause diarrheal diseases [26]. Therefore, the availability of a decent source of drinking water is very important in reducing the risk of diarrhea [19]. The World Health Organization (WHO) together with UNICEF has created a joint monitoring program for water, sanitation and hygienic facilities, where for a decent source of drinking water is a source of water which has the potential to provide safe water.…”

“…Based on the results of a health survey in households, there is an increase in the prevalence of diarrhea in Indonesia from 7% (in 2013) to 8% (in 2018) [18]. Diarrhea was found to have a significant relationship with defecation behavior, as well as the availability of proper drinking water and sanitation facilities [19]. Diarrhea is also thought to have a relationship with food processing practices [20], water sources and sanitation [21], water storage with an open container [22], and exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight, overcrowding, smoking behavior, immunization, age, nutritional status, and socioeconomic status [23].…”

Peran Serta Masyarakat dengan Angka Kejadian Diare

“…Mengedepankan aspek perilaku dan kesehatan lingkungan, yaitu mengubah perilaku masyarakat menjadi buang air besar di jamban, serta menyediakan sanitasi yang layak dan air minum yang cukup (Dharmayanti & Tjandrarini, 2020). Penyakit diare dapat terjadi di semua kalangan usia, salah satunya pada anak usia sekolah dasar.…”