Climatic factors are suspected to encourage an increase in the incidence of diarrheal diseases in Indonesia, especially among children under five, as a vulnerable group and can lead to death. The problem of diarrhea for the last 3 years has almost stagnated, only slightly decreased. This study aims to determine the role of climatic factors and water conditions, sanitation and hygiene behavior on the incidence of diarrhea as a basis and evidence in planning programs. The data used is secondary data from various sources. Monthly diarrhea data for the period 2018-2020 was obtained from the Hepatitis and Gastrointestinal Infectious Disease Program Section, Directorate of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health. Data on WASH such as drinking water sources, latrine facilities, and the availability of hand washing facilities were obtained from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) year 2018-2020 from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). As for weather data, obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) for the same time period. Data includes monthly records of average maximum and minimum temperatures, total precipitation and humidity. The analysis using mean difference test. The results of the analysis showed that cases of diarrhea in children under five during 2018-2020 experienced a slight decrease from 3,186 cases (in 2018) to 2,196 cases (in 2020). There is a difference in the mean temperature (p-value = 0.000), rainfall (p-value = 0.000) and humidity (p-value = 0.000) for cases of diarrhea in children under five. Weather factors, namely temperature, rainfall and humidity have a relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. Likewise, there was a decrease in diarrhea followed by a decrease in the problem of coverage of drinking water sources (14.6% in 2018 to 12.3% in 2020) and inadequate latrines (42.3% in 2018 to 36.6% in 2020) and unavailability of hand washing facilities (23.9% in 2019 to 23.5% in 2020). In conclusion, there is positively relationship between temperature, rainfall and humidity with diarrhea cases. The case of childhood diarrhea is inversely proportional to the unimproved of drinking water sources, latrines and the unavailability of hand washing facilities. Relevant public health intervention strategies that consider climate variability should be developed, including health education to improve public awareness for reducing risk of diarrhea.
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