BUMDes was established to move and accelerate rural economy. It aims to put together all the rural resources under the management of villagers itself in order toAbstrak: BUMDes dibangun dengan tujuan untuk menggerakan dan mengakselerasi perekenomian desa. Harapannya segala sumber daya yang dimiliki desa bisa dikelola oleh warga desa sendiri untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli desa, sehingga desa bisa mandiri. Namun BUMDes yang dirancang sebagai ujung tombak ekonomi desa banyak yang mati sebelum berkembang karena minimnya partisipasi warga. BUMDes perlu belajar dari gagalnya praktik institusi-institusi ekonomi desa sebelumnya. Arsitektur kebijakan yang berpola top-down terbukti tidak mampu meningkatkan ekonomi desa. Justru malah menjadi medan kapitalisasi elite desa atas sumber daya yang dimilki desa. Untuk menuju kemandirian, perlu syarat material berupa partisipasi yang ditopang oleh kepemilikan. Warga desa memiliki hak untuk menjadi pemilik atas sumber daya desanya. Oleh karenanya membangun BUMDes perlu mempertimbangkan kepemilikan yang diperluas. Maka tujuan tersebut bisa dilembagakan dengan langkah membangun BUMDes secara inklusif. Mengadaptasi model koperasi, warga desa bisa menjadi member/pemilik dari BUMDes.
Indonesia has the largest rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation area in the world. Rubberwood is mainly planted for latex production and as latex production declines with age, rubberwood is generally felled. The logging waste and industrial waste of rubberwood-based products could be utilized as raw materials to produce biomass pellets. The quality of biomass pellets can be increased through torrefaction, a thermal process in the temperature range of 200-300°C under an inert atmosphere. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of torrefaction on the characteristics of rubberwood pellets. The torrefaction of rubberwood pellets was conducted using the Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) reactor, a reactor that could perform torrefaction within a short residence time of up to 5 min. The temperature used in this study was 200°C, 250°C, dan 300°C with a residence time of 3 min. The color change, physical properties, chemical composition, and heating value were evaluated. The results showed that the pellet’s color changed from light brown into black pellets, showing the overall color change (∆E*) of 29,12, 54,27, and 66,71, after torrefaction at 200°C, 250°C, and 300°C, respectively. The equilibrium moisture content of the pellets decreased from 12,25% to 3,54%. The water immersion test also showed that the torrefied pellets have a better hydrophobicity, which is an advantage when pellets are stored in a humid condition. The oven-dry density of pellet decreased from 1,15 g/cm3 to 1,09 g/cm3, 1,04 g/cm3, and 0,96 g/cm3, after torrefaction at temperatures of 200°C, 250°C, and 300°C, respectively. Torrefaction caused a decrease of cellulose and hemicellulose contents, an increase of lignin content, and a remarkable increase in the heating value of 1,71-18,32% with increasing torrefaction temperature. The results proposed that torrefaction using the COMB reactor could provide a great improvement in the quality of rubberwood pellets to improve the additional value of the products.Keywords: black pellet, Counter-Flow Multi Baffle, rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), torrefaction
The global commitment to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) establishes access to safe drinking water and healthy sanitation for all residents. This study analyzes the financing and economic benefits of drinking water and sanitation service interventions using the Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach. The study used secondary data from the Health Office, the Bandar Lampung City Manpower Office, and the publication of research results. Intervention costs include the fixed and annual operating costs of the intervention. Benefits are calculated from the savings in health recovery costs, avoiding lost time from work, school, and waiting for sick children, and the acquisition of productive time. The study results get a total investment cost of $ 2.113.190 and a total benefit of $ 44.727.436. Efforts to improve water and sanitation services are effective and efficient (0,057% of GDP) and profitable ($ 22,20 return for every $ 1 investment). These results provide strong evidence for planners and decision-makers that improving water and sanitation services provides value for returns, both social and economic, and prove the possibility of accelerating the achievement of SDGs commitments.
This research is motivated by the idea of Smart ASN which was introduced by the government as a step to face the industrial revolution 4.0. The government must face the industrial revolution 4.0. The apparatus must adapt to technological transformation. The purpose of this research is to explore critically the roots of the Smart ASN idea. This research method uses PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). The results show that the Smart ASN idea still has an inherent problem that is not yet optimal use of information technology. In other words, the Smart ASN idea does not have a solid foothold. The result of the alternative analysis that needs to be done is to optimize the presence of the millennial generation by 1) Providing jobs that are in accordance with their competencies and potential; 2) Provide opportunities to open perspectives and learn new knowledge in work through various methods; 3) Providing space for the new idea; 4) Building a humanistic work culture; and 5) Providing opportunities for capacity building for young apparatuses. Meanwhile, to support the management of human resources, the idea of ASN Corporate University can be implemented to achieve the goal of Smart ASN. Keywords: Bureaucracy, Smart ASN, Industrial Revolution 4.0 Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh gagasan Smart ASN yang dikenalkan pemerintah sebagai langkah menghadapi era revolusi industri 4.0. Revolusi industri 4.0 adalah fase terkini yang harus dihadapi oleh pemerintahan Indonesia. Para aparatur dipaksa untuk beradaptasi terhadap transformasi teknologi agar pelayanan publik lebih efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menelusuri secara kritis akar gagasan Smart ASN, menggali aspek yang masih menjadi kekurangan dalam Smart ASN. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gagasan Smart ASN masih memiliki problem inheren yakni belum optimalnya pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dalam birokrasi. Dengan kata lain, gagasan Smart ASN tidak memiliki pijakan yang kuat sehingga diperlukan langkah mengisi kekosongan yaitu dengan mengoptimalkan momentum hadirnya generasi milenial di lingkungan birokrasi dengan cara pengelolaan SDM di era digital yang bersifat pemberdayaan pegawai: yaitu 1) Memberikan pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan kompetensi dan potensi diri; 2) Memberikan peluang untuk membuka perspektif dan mempelajari pengetahuan baru dalam pekerjaan melalui berbagai metode; 3) Memberikan ruang produksi gagasan; 4) Membangun budaya kerja yang humanis; dan 5) Memberikan peluang peningkatan kapasitas bagi para aparatur muda. Sedangkan untuk menunjang pengelolaan SDM, gagasan ASN Corporate University bisa dilaksanakan untuk mencapai tujuan Smart ASN Kata Kunci: Birokrasi, Smart ASN, Revolusi Industri 4.0
Palm sugar is an important commodity for Indonesia. In Banyumas regency, it plays an essential role too. Unfortunately, the palm sugar makers remain far from prosperity. There is an imbalanced social relation, the palms sugar makers are always in subordinate position towards middleman and big corporations above them. Given this condition, some palm sugar maker decided to organize themselves to have some cooperations in improving their quality of economc life. It also helps them to strengthen their bargaining position by establishing an organization called Argo MulyoJati. With its available social capital, certain value is being institutionalized in Katanda village, called GotongRoyong (mutual cooperation). Actually, It has existed inherently in the lifes of Indonesian people. Despite being a newly-born organization Argo MulyoJati is able to prove that collective work could enhance their bargaining position among the stakeholders in Katanda village. It is achieved with high level of social trust that has been growing as their social capital. This study explains how the role of social capital and the practice of mutual cooperation are conducted by members of Argo Mulyo Jati. The discussion is limited on the reformation of social capital as a power owned by palm maker, their aspect of trust as a part of social capital which supports the development of Argo MulyoJati Cooperative , and how is the institutionalization process of GotongRoyong value in the organization activities.
Regions Special Purpose or KDTI (Ministry of Forestry decree No.47/Kpts-II/1998) Repong Damar indigenous forest area of 29,000 ha which is a best practice community-based forest management in the western part of Lampung Province yet known about its capacity to ensure the sustainability of human resource development primarily critical starting at the age of five or its called toddlers. This study was doing from March to April 2014 in the village of Pahmungan District of the West Pesisir. The purpose of this research is: Knowing the linkage between population and income damar tree tenure, household food expenditure, protein intake toddlers, health status and nutritional status of toddlers. Data acquisition was done through interviews to collect data ownership damar tree population, income, food expenditure, health status and food intake (food recall) as the basis for determining the toddler nutritional status of children is calculated by the method of anthropometry (Ministry of Health, 2010). Parameter optimization using the software Minitab 16. The conclusions has proven there is a real link between the role of damar agroforest system to income, health status, and nutritional status of toddlers. Found relations or real relationship between income of damar agroforest [YI] with a population of damar tree with a model [YI]i= -0.1770 +0.023150[PHN]i. Furthermore simultaneously discovered the real relationship between food expenditure (YII) with [YII] as illustrated by the model [YII]i= 1.1546 +0438 [YI]. Further simultaneously discovered the real relationship between protein intake toddlers [YIII] with food expenditure [YII] with the model [YIII]i= 17 012 +3703 [YII]. Keyword: Repong damar, income, health status and nutritional status of toddlers
Penyakit kecacingan dan interaksi antara satwa liar dengan ternak domestik di kawasan Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK) merupakan permasalahan yang harus mendapat perhatian serius dalam pengelolaan konservasi di TNWK dan pemeliharaan ternak di desa penyangga TNWK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifi kasi keberadaan cacing pada sampel tinja (feses) satwa liar (harimau, badak, dan gajah) dan ternak domestik (sapi, kerbau, dan kambing) di sekitar TNWK. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada musim hujan yaitu pada periode Januari-Juli 2014 dan Oktober 2014 - Februari 2015; dengan lokasi pengambilan mencakup 36 lokasi (11 lokasi di TNWK dan 25 lokasi di desa-desa penyangga). Identifikasi cacing dari feses dilakukan dengan metode natif, pengendapan dan pengapungan, penghitungan telur dengan metode Mc Master, dan telaah potensi cacing zoonosis dengan studi literatur. Tidak ditemukan cacing pada harimau, sementara itu pada badak dan gajah Sumatera ditemukan Paramphistomum spp dan Strongyloides spp. Cacing yang ditemukan pada kerbau, sapi dan kambing ialah Paramphistomum spp, Fasciola spp, Trichuris spp, Mecistocirrus spp, Strongylus spp, Bunostomum spp, Haemonchus spp, Strongyloides spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Nematodirrus spp, dan Trichostrongylus spp. Inang ternak domestik (kerbau dan sapi) berpotensi menjadi vektor penularan Paramphistomum spp ke satwa liar. Kemungkinan cacing gastrointestinal yang berpotensi sebagai zoonosis ialah Fasciola spp, Strongyloides spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp dan Trichuris spp.
In this work, a novel way is proposed to produce an eco‐friendly and formaldehyde‐free particleboard (PB) panel from agro‐industrial residues bonded with natural rubber latex (NRL)‐based adhesive. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) was added as an adhesion promoter and polymeric 4,4‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as cross‐linker. Different formulations of agro‐industrial residues (cassava stem, sengon wood waste, and rice husk) and different contents of NRL‐adhesive (10%, 15%, and 20%) were applied to prepare the PB panel. Several techniques were performed to characterize the properties of NRL‐based adhesive and to evaluate the performance of PB panels from agro‐industrial residues bonded with NRL‐based adhesive. The blending of NRL and PVOH resulted in weak hydrogen bonds in the polymer blends. Incorporation of pMDI provided NCO groups as the reactive site for cross‐linking with NRL‐PVOH via urethane linkages. The results showed that no remarkable differences in the physical properties of the PB panel, such as density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, with different agro‐industrial residues formulations and NRL‐adhesive content. By contrast, greater NRL‐adhesive content affected the mechanical properties of the PB panel. The best mechanical properties of the PB panel were obtained using a formulation of 40% of cassava stem, 30% of sengon wood waste, 30% of rice husk, and bonded with 20% of NRL‐adhesive content, which resulted in 4.02 MPa of modulus of rupture (MOR), 441.00 MPa of modulus of elasticity (MOE), and 0.19 MPa of internal bonding (IB) strength. A combination of agro‐industrial residues particles and NRL‐based adhesive presented a high potential for application as an eco‐friendly, formaldehyde‐free, and non‐structural PB such as interior applications.
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