“…Several physical mechanisms based on either electron or ion switching have been recently suggested in the literature: a model based on trapping of charge carriers [14], electrochemical migration of oxygen vacancies [15], [16], electrochemical migration of oxygen ions [17], [18], a unified physical model [19], a domain model [20], a filament anodization model [21], a thermal dissolution model [22], a two-variable resistor model [23], and others. Despite this, a proper fundamental understanding of the RRAM switching mechanism is still missing hindering further development of this type of memory.…”