Meta-analysis on risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in young adults

Mohideen, Khadijah; Krithika, Chandrasekaran; Jeddy, Nadeem; Bharathi, Ramakrishnan; Thayumanavan, B.; Sankari, S. Leena

doi:10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_118_19

Cited by 36 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…We choose 40 as the cutoff age to distinguish young from older people in line with the study by Oliver et al. and others ( 1 , 52 , 53 ); moreover it is reported that the role of risk factors, such as smoke and alcohol, seems to be significant after the age of 40 ( 54 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…There is an agreement that in patients below 40 years old, there is too short smoking exposure to develop carcinogenic activity. Thus, chronic mucosal trauma, genetic and/or hormonal features could cause oral tongue cancer, but to date, no certain data have been proven ( 11 , 40 , 54 , 77 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies of OTSCC the most frequent used age cutoff to define young adulthood was 40; moreover, it is reported that the role of risk factors, as smoke and alcohol, start to be significant after the age of 40 ( 1 , 52 – 54 ). Thus, the main analysis was carried out considering 40 years of age as the cutoff of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival Outcomes in Oral Tongue Cancer: A Mono-Institutional Experience Focusing on Age

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveThe prognostic role of age among patients affected by Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OTSCC) is a topic of debate. Recent cohort studies have found that patients diagnosed at 40 years of age or younger have a better prognosis. The aim of this cohort study was to clarify whether age is an independent prognostic factor and discuss heterogeneity of outcomes by stage and treatments in different age groups.MethodsWe performed a study on 577 consecutive patients affected by primary tongue cancer and treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy according to stage, at European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS. Patients with age at diagnosis below 40 years totaled 109 (19%). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), tongue specific free survival (TSFS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were compared by age groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the independent role of age.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 5.01 years (range 0–18.68) years with follow-up recorded up to February 2020. After adjustment for all the significant confounding and prognostic factors, age remained independently associated with OS and DSF (respectively, p = 0.002 and p = 0.02). In CSS and TSFS curves, the role of age seems less evident (respectively, p = 0.14 and p = 0.0.37). In the advanced stage sub-group (stages III–IV), age was significantly associated with OS and CSS with almost double increased risk of dying (OS) and dying from tongue cancer (CSS) in elderly compared to younger groups (OS: HR = 2.16 95%, CI: 1.33–3.51, p= 0.001; CSS: HR = 1.76 95%, CI: 1.03–3.01, p = 0.02, respectively). In our study, young patients were more likely to be treated with intensified therapies (glossectomies types III–V and adjuvant radio-chemotherapy). Age was found as a prognostic factor, independently of other significant factors and treatment. Also the T–N tract involved by disease and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥3 were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsYoung age at diagnosis is associated with a better overall survival. Fewer younger people than older people died from tongue cancer in advanced stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival Outcomes in Oral Tongue Cancer: A Mono-Institutional Experience Focusing on Age

et al. 2021

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“…[ 21 ] The attributed difference in gender predilection toward female patients could be due to other etiological factors, such as passive smoking and the presence of various cultural or behavioral characteristics in the diverse group of different populations. [ 27 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults with a comparison to the older group patients (2014–2019)

et al. 2021

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Background: The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often affects elderly aged adults, who had long-term tobacco exposure. In the recent past decade, there is an increasing incidence of OSCC in younger individuals, who had less tobacco association. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the risk factors and to assess and compare the clinicopathological features and prognosis of OSCC in young patients with the older group patients. Materials and Methods: We included studies that addressed the OSCC involving young patients during the period between 2014 and 2019. Initially, we found 679 articles; after refined evaluation, 92 works had their titles matching to the present work. After extraction of case reports, reviews, and studies with un-matched objectives or inadequate data, we have chosen only 24 presentations matching to the abstract. The statistical analysis performed by Chi-square tests using SPSS 20.0 version for windows. Results: Of the total OSCC, 10% of patients belonged to the younger age group, and 90% were the older aged group. Both the groups showed male gender predominance and tongue as the predominant site of involvement. The younger patients tend to have significantly reduced tobacco exposure. The highly reported tumors were advanced staged and moderately differentiated tumors in both groups. There was a statistically evident high recurrence reported in the younger group. The overall survival seems to be similar for both groups. Conclusion: The identification of the potential risk factors, along with unique molecular mechanisms, and biological behavior of the disease is mandatory to control the incidence of OSCC in young adults.

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“…The 5-year survival rate of patients with TSCC is around 67% [6]. However, recent research points out that there is an increased incidence of TSCC in the younger age group without any traditional risk factors making TSCC a distinct biological entity in this group [7]. Therefore, better understanding of the disease mechanisms will lead to discovery of early diagnosis, prognostic biomarkers, and development of more effective therapeutic strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential therapeutic target miR-26b in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Ahmed¹,

Mirshahidi²,

Shammi³

et al. 2021

Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Objective: To determine microRNA expression in patients with Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and elucidate miR-26b significance in TSCC cell line.Study Design: Biochemical analysis of pathologic archive specimens.Setting: Affiliated university laboratories. Subjects and methods:The study included 18 patients with TSCC and TSCC tumor tissues and matching normal tissues were harvested from patients during tumor resection at the Loma Linda University Medical Center. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression analysis and its gain of function analysis were performed to understand miRNAs that were critical to the TSCC disease.Result: miR-26b expression significantly decreased in TSCC tissues, when compared with normal tissues (P < 0.0001). Likewise, reduced expression of miR-26b was observed in CAL27 cells (TSCC cell line) when compared with control OKF6/TERT-2 cell (B. P < 0.001). Overexpression of miR-26b significantly changes cellular 47 function like cell migration, cell proliferation, etc. tested on TSCC cell line, Cal27. It is even increasing the cisplatin activity on tongue squamous cell apoptosis when overexpressed. Conclusion.Our study suggests that miR-26b plays a significant role in TSCC and might be a potential therapeutic target to regulate TSCC. Further investigation with in vivo studies and multiple TSCC cell lines are needed.

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Meta-analysis on risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in young adults

Cited by 36 publications

References 75 publications

Survival Outcomes in Oral Tongue Cancer: A Mono-Institutional Experience Focusing on Age

Survival Outcomes in Oral Tongue Cancer: A Mono-Institutional Experience Focusing on Age

A meta-analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults with a comparison to the older group patients (2014–2019)

A potential therapeutic target miR-26b in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

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