Abstract:La presencia de manchas urbanas transfronterizas es un hecho sociológico en las fronteras latinoamericanas. Estas aglomeraciones son el producto de la activación de los flujos de capitales, bienes y personas a través de ellas, y de la formación de corredores y regiones transfronterizas. A partir de una recreación de algunos posicionamientos teóricos precedentes, este artículo discute la validez de una definición conceptual —complejos urbanos transfronterizos— y propone un debate en torno a una serie de variabl… Show more
“…2). Evidence for the last three decades has shown a significant growth in the intensity and diversity of interactions along the border, especially at the entry point, that is, Ouanaminthe-Dajabón [68, 69], the border’s second leading entry point.Fig. 2Study area
…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They have also witnessed violent conflicts such as the massacre of thousands of Haitians in October 1937. This borderland is evolving nowadays from a barrier to a contact zone and an interdependent zone [41, 69, 70]. Several stakeholders (international organizations, the transnational capital, merchants, grassroots organizations, etc.)…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gaps in the supply of social services (health, education) tend to lead to asymmetrical interactions and polarized flows in a push/pull dynamic [68, 69, 74]. On the other hand, few studies [49, 75] have indicated that the ratio of foreigners using health care facilities is higher in the Dominican borderland region compared with the rest of the country.…”
BackgroundThe geographical accessibility of health services is an important issue especially in developing countries and even more for those sharing a border as for Haiti and the Dominican Republic. During the last 2 decades, numerous studies have explored the potential spatial access to health services within a whole country or metropolitan area. However, the impacts of the border on the access to health resources between two countries have been less explored. The aim of this paper is to measure the impact of the border on the accessibility to health services for Haitian people living close to the Haitian-Dominican border.MethodsTo do this, the widely employed enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method is applied. Four scenarios simulate different levels of openness of the border. Statistical analysis are conducted to assess the differences and variation in the E2SFCA results. A linear regression model is also used to predict the accessibility to health care services according to the mentioned scenarios.ResultsThe results show that the health professional-to-population accessibility ratio is higher for the Haitian side when the border is open than when it is closed, suggesting an important border impact on Haitians’ access to health care resources. On the other hand, when the border is closed, the potential accessibility for health services is higher for the Dominicans.ConclusionThe openness of the border has a great impact on the spatial accessibility to health care for the population living next to the border and those living nearby a road network in good conditions. Those findings therefore point to the need for effective and efficient trans-border cooperation between health authorities and health facilities. Future research is necessary to explore the determinants of cross-border health care and offers an insight on the spatial revealed access which could lead to a better understanding of the patients’ behavior.
“…2). Evidence for the last three decades has shown a significant growth in the intensity and diversity of interactions along the border, especially at the entry point, that is, Ouanaminthe-Dajabón [68, 69], the border’s second leading entry point.Fig. 2Study area
…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They have also witnessed violent conflicts such as the massacre of thousands of Haitians in October 1937. This borderland is evolving nowadays from a barrier to a contact zone and an interdependent zone [41, 69, 70]. Several stakeholders (international organizations, the transnational capital, merchants, grassroots organizations, etc.)…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gaps in the supply of social services (health, education) tend to lead to asymmetrical interactions and polarized flows in a push/pull dynamic [68, 69, 74]. On the other hand, few studies [49, 75] have indicated that the ratio of foreigners using health care facilities is higher in the Dominican borderland region compared with the rest of the country.…”
BackgroundThe geographical accessibility of health services is an important issue especially in developing countries and even more for those sharing a border as for Haiti and the Dominican Republic. During the last 2 decades, numerous studies have explored the potential spatial access to health services within a whole country or metropolitan area. However, the impacts of the border on the access to health resources between two countries have been less explored. The aim of this paper is to measure the impact of the border on the accessibility to health services for Haitian people living close to the Haitian-Dominican border.MethodsTo do this, the widely employed enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method is applied. Four scenarios simulate different levels of openness of the border. Statistical analysis are conducted to assess the differences and variation in the E2SFCA results. A linear regression model is also used to predict the accessibility to health care services according to the mentioned scenarios.ResultsThe results show that the health professional-to-population accessibility ratio is higher for the Haitian side when the border is open than when it is closed, suggesting an important border impact on Haitians’ access to health care resources. On the other hand, when the border is closed, the potential accessibility for health services is higher for the Dominicans.ConclusionThe openness of the border has a great impact on the spatial accessibility to health care for the population living next to the border and those living nearby a road network in good conditions. Those findings therefore point to the need for effective and efficient trans-border cooperation between health authorities and health facilities. Future research is necessary to explore the determinants of cross-border health care and offers an insight on the spatial revealed access which could lead to a better understanding of the patients’ behavior.
“…y Tijuana (México) separadas también por una valla, Herzog (1990) acuñó el concepto de "metrópolis transfronteriza". Que ha sido criticado por cuanto, de hecho, las desigualdades en normas y regulaciones y las tensiones, impiden que el conglomerado urbano funcione como una auténtica región metropolitana (Dilla, 2008(Dilla, , 2015Dilla y Breton, 2018). Así, del avance de los estudios sobre el urbanismo de frontera, nuevas aportaciones han introducido en el debate los modelos de "ciudades transfronterizas" (Valero, 2008) bajo el supuesto de que ambas partes tienden hacia una integración; el de "conurbaciones transfronterizas" (Peña, 2008) reseñando las dificultades de planificar ambos lados de la ciudad y, por consiguiente, las diferentes realidades urbanas generadas, y el de "complejos urbanos transfronterizos" (Dilla, 2015) que incorpora toda la complejidad económica, política, social, étnica y cultural de las ciudades duales en las fronteras latinoamericanas y se aleja del modelo de ciudad estándar.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Que ha sido criticado por cuanto, de hecho, las desigualdades en normas y regulaciones y las tensiones, impiden que el conglomerado urbano funcione como una auténtica región metropolitana (Dilla, 2008(Dilla, , 2015Dilla y Breton, 2018). Así, del avance de los estudios sobre el urbanismo de frontera, nuevas aportaciones han introducido en el debate los modelos de "ciudades transfronterizas" (Valero, 2008) bajo el supuesto de que ambas partes tienden hacia una integración; el de "conurbaciones transfronterizas" (Peña, 2008) reseñando las dificultades de planificar ambos lados de la ciudad y, por consiguiente, las diferentes realidades urbanas generadas, y el de "complejos urbanos transfronterizos" (Dilla, 2015) que incorpora toda la complejidad económica, política, social, étnica y cultural de las ciudades duales en las fronteras latinoamericanas y se aleja del modelo de ciudad estándar. Este autor señala la pervivencia en el tiempo de esa asimetría como motor urbano -que parece mantenerse en Melilla-, y la contrapone a los modelos de integración entre ciudades fronterizas dado en la Unión Europea (UE), donde se ha desarrollado el concepto de "ciudad binacional", auspiciado por una potente estrategia de cohesión social, sobre una población que comparte una misma cultura y escenario geopolítico y, a partir de la supresión de las fronteras internas, han desarrollado un fuerte sentimiento de pertenencia a una misma comunidad (Ehlers, Buursink, Velde y Houtum, 2000).…”
Los procesos de globalización están provocando una nueva reestructuración de la división internacional del trabajo, en el que las viejas fronteras, sometidas a intensos procesos de cambio, alteran su función de aislar, para convertirse, en ocasiones, en puentes de intercambio. Es un proceso selectivo, que endurece los flujos de mano de obra y mercancías y favorece el tránsito de capitales. La frontera de Melilla (España) y Nador (Marruecos), pese al llamativo drama humano del control migratorio, se convierte en oportunidades para el capital trasnacional, precisamente por el desequilibrio socioeconómico existente. A partir de análisis cartográficos de densidades, del mercado laboral y de la oferta y demanda de servicios, se comprueba la formación de una región funcional transfronteriza, cuya forma urbana tiende a la conurbación, jerarquizada por Melilla, sin que existan planes de integración, comunes en el proceso de reformulación de las fronteras dentro de la Unión Europea. Se concluye que la frontera asimétrica es el motor de la economía de una amplia región transfronteriza, desprovista de otros recursos, conforme con un enfoque geoeconómico que explota (y mantiene) la desigualdad, y que la forma urbana se asemeja al modelo de los complejos urbanos transfronterizos latinoamericanos. El reconocimiento de esta realidad es básico para el desarrollo de futuras estrategias de cohesión e integración supraestatales, y para la puesta en marcha de planes de gobernanza conjunta.
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