Intoxicação aguda com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis (Leg. Papilionoideae) em suínos

Ubiali, Daniel G.; Boabaid, Fabiana M.; Borges, Nayani A.; Caldeira, Flávio H.B.; Lodi, Luciano R.; Pescador, Caroline Argenta; Souza, Matheus Almeida; Colodel, Edson M.

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2011000400007

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The time that elapses between ingestion and the onset of clinical disease can range from only 24 to 48 hours (Ubiali et al, 2011) to over several days or/and even to months (Fu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Adverse Effects In Livestock Fish and Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liver necrosis was also seen for the highest continuously dosed group (2.5 g of seeds/kg b.w. per day), as well as for the two groups given single doses of 5 and 9.5 g of seeds/kg b.w.. No information is given on the content of PAs in the seeds (Ubiali et al, 2011), and therefore it is not possible to establish any dose response relationship for PAs.…”

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In piglets fed seeds of C. spectabilis for ten days, liver fibrosis developed at the lowest dose of 0.5 g of seeds/kg b.w. per day (Ubiali et al, 2011). The studies available do not allow the derivation of any NOAEL for pigs.…”

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

2011

EFS2

211

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins exclusively biosynthesised by plants. To date, approximately 600 different PAs are known. Results for 13,280 bulk honey and 1324 retail honey samples were provided to EFSA by one Member State and 351 feed samples were provided by a second Member State. The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) performed estimates of both acute and chronic exposure to PAs through honey for three different age groups. Although there might be other sources of PA exposure, due to lack of data the CONTAM Panel was not able to quantify dietary exposure from food other than honey. A number of PAs were identified as being of particular importance for food and feed. Based on the present knowledge of metabolism, activation, DNA adduct-formation, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that 1,2-unsaturated PAs may act as genotoxic carcinogens in humans. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel decided to apply the Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach. A benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10 % excess cancer risk (BMDL 10 ) of 70 µg/kg b.w. per day for induction of liver haemangiosarcomas by lasiocarpine in male rats was calculated as the reference point for comparison with the estimated dietary exposure. The CONTAM Panel concluded that there is a possible health concern for those toddlers and children who are high consumers of honey. There is generally a low risk of PA poisoning in livestock and companion animals in the EU as most PA poisonings reported recently are due to accidental exposure. © European Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feedEFSA Journal 2011;9(11):2406 2 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins exclusively biosynthesised by plants. They are typical plant secondary metabolites against herbivores. It has been estimated that approximately 6000 plant species world wide, representing 3 % of all flowering plants, may contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PAs are mainly found in the distantly related angiosperm families of the Boraginaceae (all genera), Asteraceae (tribes Senecioneae and Eupatorieae) and Fabaceae (genus Crotalaria). The PA-content of plant material depends on a large number of factors (species, plant organ, harvest, storage, extraction procedures). Reported contents vary from trace amounts up to 19 % based on dry weight. The name pyrrolizidine is the chemical description of two-fused 5-membered rings with a nitrogen atom at the bridgehead. This motif is the central structure of a variety of PAs. PAs generally consist of an amino alcohol which is referred to as necine or necine base and an acid part which is called a necic acid. Most of the known PAs are este...

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Section: Adverse Effects In Livestock Fish and Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

2011

EFS2

211

119

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“…Outras espécies de Crotalaria também foram associadas a alterações pulmonares, como a C. juncea em equinos, em que observam-se alveolite fibrosante difusa, com espessamento dos septos alveolares, formação de membrana hialina e epitelização alveolar (Nobre et al 1994). Em suínos, C. spectabilis causa edema pulmonar interlobular e lesão hepática aguda concomitante (Ubiali et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Intoxicação experimental por folhas de Crotalaria pallida (mucronata) em ovinos

et al. 2016

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RESUMO: Descrevem-se o quadro clínico, patológico e o potencial tóxico das folhas verdes de Crotalaria pallida em ovinos. Para o experimento folhas verdes de C. pallida foram coletadas no município de São João do Sul em Santa Catarina e administradas por via oral para seis ovinos adultos, em doses únicas de 40, 20, 10, 5, 2,5 e 2,5g/kg, e para dois ovinos, em doses diárias de 0,63 e 1,25g/kg durante 30 dias. Reproduziu-se a intoxicação com doses letais a partir de 2,5g/kg. Um dos ovinos que recebeu a dose única de 2,5g/kg e os que receberam as doses diárias, não adoeceram. Todos os ovinos que apresentaram sinais clínicos morreram entre 13 e 22 horas após a administração das folhas. Sinais clínicos leves como fezes pastosas, inquietação e aumento das frequências cardíaca e respiratória tiveram início cerca em 11 horas após a ingestão da planta. Minutos antes da morte observaram-se dispneia intensa com respiração abdominal pronunciada. As principais lesões macroscópicas foram restritas à cavidade torácica, como hidrotórax e edema pulmonar acentuado. O exame microscópico revelou no pulmão, edema acentuado e difuso na superfície pleural, nos espaços interlobulares e ao redor das artérias peribronquiais e peribronquiolares. Edema multifocal foi observado no interior de alvéolos e ao redor de brônquios e bronquíolos, além de leve infiltrado neutrofílico multifocal. O quadro clínico-patológico da intoxicação experimental foi similar ao observado na intoxicação espontânea e caracterizou-se por edema iulmonar acentuado e morte logo após o início dos sinais clínicos.

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“…Os achados clínicos, macro e microscópicos do Caprino 2 na intoxicação experimental por C. spectabilis foram compatíveis com o que já havia sido relatado na intoxicação natural e experimental por C. spectabilis em suínos (Torres et al 1997, Ubiali et al 2011) e na intoxicação natural e experimental de caprinos e ovinos por C. retusa (Anjos et al 2010, Nobre et al 2005, Riet-Correa et al 2011, Maia et al 2013. A evolução e os achados microscópicos devem ser diferenciados de outras causas de necrose hepática na espécie caprina, em especial da intoxicação por plantas hepatotóxicas agudas, como Cestrum laevigatun e Trema micranta (Tokarnia et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos caprinos à toxidez de crotalárias tóxicas para bovinos visando a sua utilização na profilaxia

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-A intoxicação por plantas é sabidamente uma das principais causas de morte de bovinos adultos no Brasil. Uma vez que pouco pode ser feito no que diz respeito ao tratamento destas intoxicações, os esforços devem se concentrar na adoção de medidas profiláticas alternativas, como a utilização de uma espécie menos sensível no local de Plant poisoning is known to be one of the most important causes of death of adult cattle in Brazil. As there are not many possibilities for treatment, all efforts must focus on application of alternative prophylactic measures, among them the use of a less sensitive animal species in areas of the occurrence of certain plants. This study aimed to ascertain the sensibility of goats to crotalarias (Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria juncea), so that this animal species could be used as a prophylactic measure against those plants poisonous for cattle. Single or daily doses of seeds of Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria juncea were given to eight young adult goats of both sexes divided randomly in two groups of four goats, e.g. one group for each plant. None of the four goats that received seeds of Crotalaria juncea developed clinical sings of poisoning or showed changes in the biochemistry examination. Out of the four goats that received seeds of Crotalaria spectabilis, three died. One goat received a 20g/kg single dose of seeds and developed signs of acute poisoning. Postmortem and histopathological examination revealed marked centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis. The other two goats developed chronic poisoning by the administration of 2g/kg daily doses of seeds for 35 and 150 days respectively. One goat showed severe interstitial pneumonia and mild hepatic lesions, while the other goat presented only chronic hepatic lesions. Both goats showed transient changes in the biochemistry examination. The fourth goat received a 10g/kg single dose of seeds and did not develop significant clinical or biochemical changes. The results of the present study showed that goats are not indicated to be used as a prophylactic measure against poisoning by Crotalaria spectabilis, but can be recommended as a prophylactic measure against poisoning by Crotalaria juncea.

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Intoxicação aguda com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis (Leg. Papilionoideae) em suínos

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

Intoxicação experimental por folhas de Crotalaria pallida (mucronata) em ovinos

Estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos caprinos à toxidez de crotalárias tóxicas para bovinos visando a sua utilização na profilaxia

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