Estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos caprinos à toxidez de crotalárias tóxicas para bovinos visando a sua utilização na profilaxia

Abstract

RESUMO.-A intoxicação por plantas é sabidamente uma das principais causas de morte de bovinos adultos no Brasil. Uma vez que pouco pode ser feito no que diz respeito ao tratamento destas intoxicações, os esforços devem se concentrar na adoção de medidas profiláticas alternativas, como a utilização de uma espécie menos sensível no local de Plant poisoning is known to be one of the most important causes of death of adult cattle in Brazil. As there are not many possibilities for treatment, all efforts must focus on application of alternative prophylactic measures, among them the use of a less sensitive animal species in areas of the occurrence of certain plants. This study aimed to ascertain the sensibility of goats to crotalarias (Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria juncea), so that this animal species could be used as a prophylactic measure against those plants poisonous for cattle. Single or daily doses of seeds of Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria juncea were given to eight young adult goats of both sexes divided randomly in two groups of four goats, e.g. one group for each plant. None of the four goats that received seeds of Crotalaria juncea developed clinical sings of poisoning or showed changes in the biochemistry examination. Out of the four goats that received seeds of Crotalaria spectabilis, three died. One goat received a 20g/kg single dose of seeds and developed signs of acute poisoning. Postmortem and histopathological examination revealed marked centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis. The other two goats developed chronic poisoning by the administration of 2g/kg daily doses of seeds for 35 and 150 days respectively. One goat showed severe interstitial pneumonia and mild hepatic lesions, while the other goat presented only chronic hepatic lesions. Both goats showed transient changes in the biochemistry examination. The fourth goat received a 10g/kg single dose of seeds and did not develop significant clinical or biochemical changes. The results of the present study showed that goats are not indicated to be used as a prophylactic measure against poisoning by Crotalaria spectabilis, but can be recommended as a prophylactic measure against poisoning by Crotalaria juncea.