Insects associated with the Sitka spruce weevil,Pissodes Strobi [Col.: Curculionidae] on Sitka spruce,Picea sitchensis in British Columbia, Canada

Alfaro, René I.; Hulme, Michael; Harris, John

doi:10.1007/bf02372348

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Other host records for £. crassigaster include P. terminalis (Alfaro et al, 1985), P. fasciatus and P. dubius (Deyrup, 1975(Deyrup, , 1978Marsh, 1979). Pissodes terminalis and P. fasciatus overwinter partly as larvae (Stark & Wood, 1964;Deyrup, 1978) and are theoretically more susceptible to parasitism by £.…”

Section: Evolutionary Issues Of Host-parasitoid Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In North America, Eubazus (=Allodorus) crassigaster (Provancher) is a parasitoid of P. strobi, P. dubius Randall, P. fasciatus LeConte, and P. terminalis Hopping (Deyrup, 1975;Marsh, 1979;Alfaro el al, 1985). Its impact on P. strobi populations is low and its distribution on this host is restricted to western coastal areas of North America (Silver, 1968;Alfaro et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative developmental biology of populations of three European and one North American Eubazus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of Pissodes spp. weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Kenis

Hulme

Mills

1996

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Observations were made on the developmental responses of the North American braconid species, Eubazus crassigaster, a parasitoid of the white pine weevil, Pissoles strobi, and three European congeneric species, £. semirugosus, E. robustus, and Eubazus sp. Several populations of Eubazus spp. were compared in their phenology in the laboratory and under natural conditions. When reared in the laboratory on non-diapausing Pissodes castaneus, mountain populations of £. semirugosus and £. robustus entered into an obligatory diapause in the host larva, whereas all the other populations tested developed continuously. Diapausing larvae continued their development only after having experienced at least three months at 2°C. Non-diapausing populations of Eubazus spp. significantly differed in the duration of pre-imaginal development, with £. semirugosus being the fastest developing species and £. robustus the slowest. Outdoor rearings of Eubazus spp. on P. castaneus showed that £. crassigaster, Eubazus sp. and the lowland biotype of £. semirugosus emerged in the year of oviposition if this occurred early enough to allow parasitoid development. In contrast, a majority of £. robustus individuals overwintered in the host larvae, regardless of the oviposition date. The diapausing, mountain biotype of £. semirugosus is considered as the most promising candidate for control of P. strobi in Canada, because it is likely to be better adapted to the life cycle of the target host than the other Eubazus spp., including the native £.crassigaster.

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Section: Evolutionary Issues Of Host-parasitoid Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative developmental biology of populations of three European and one North American Eubazus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of Pissodes spp. weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Kenis

Hulme

Mills

1996

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Weevils of the genera Pissodes Germar , Cylindrocopturus Heller, and Magdalis Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage the terminals of young conifers, but Pissodes is the most important pest (Furniss and Carolin 1977; Coulson and Witter 1984). Weevil larvae feed on terminal tissues producing unacceptable growth losses in young stands, together with crooking or branching of the trunks (Alfaro 1989; Retnakaran and Harris 1995). Although weevil damage does not cause mortality of large trees, individuals that are <1 m in height may be killed.…”

Section: Terminal and Shoot Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the process of recovery, branches below the damaged terminal compete for dominance and the tree remains for one or more years with multiple leaders, thus increasing food supply for future weevil generations. The attack results in major defects (crooks and forks) in the main stem (Alfaro 1989). Repeated leader death can cause severe deformation of the main stem, rendering the tree non-merchantable.…”

Section: Terminal and Shoot Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects affecting regenerating conifers in Canada: natural history and management

Alfaro

Fuentealba

2015

Can Entomol

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Abstract-A number of insect species in a variety of families and orders damage early regenerating forests. Successful management of pests of regenerating forests requires detailed information on the natural history of the damaging organism, including the factors that increase risk, and a careful assessment of the risk mitigation options. Decision support systems, in the form of stand models capable of incorporating pest management options are required to guide decisions in terms of the expected yields under various pest management scenarios. In this paper we review research to date on the natural history and damage of the most important insect pests of regenerating forests in Canada and propose a framework for risk assessment. Canadian scientists have been active contributors to the research that advanced this field, from the early descriptive studies, to the development of practical tools to assist industry in managing pests of young forests.

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“…Suggestions for potential management tools to regulate weevil populations include an integrated pest management strategy that would employ entomopathogenic fungi (Timonin and Morris 1974;Alfaro et al 1985). However, little is known about the natural microbial enemies of forest weevils, although fungal entomopathogens of coleopteran forest pests are common and widespread and can cause spectacular epizootics (Hajek and St. Leger 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungusLecanicillium(Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) toPissodes strobi(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2006

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The widely occurring fungal genus Lecanicillium Zare & W. Gams (formerly Verticillium) includes species that are pathogenic to insects. We collected 27 Lecanicillium isolates from soil and from dead adult Pissodes strobi (Peck) in British Columbia, Canada, and assessed their virulence against this host. Eighteen isolates were identified as L. longisporum (Petch) Zare & W. Gams and six as L. muscarium (Petch) Zare & W. Gams, while three isolates could not be identified to the species level. We assayed a subset of these isolates (14 L. longisporum, 3 L. muscarium, and 1 Lecanicillium sp.) as well as the fungal component of the commercial products Mycotal® (L. muscarium) and Vertalec® (L. longisporum) and a herbarium isolate (Lecanicillium sp.). When adult weevils were inoculated with a conidial suspension (1 × 107 conidia/mL), mycosis-related mortality at the end of a 17-day incubation period varied between 20% and 100%, depending on the isolate tested. Eight of the isolates killed >75% of weevils: a Lecanicillium sp. isolate, PFC19, which displayed the lowest LT50 value; five indigenous L. longisporum isolates; and both commercial products. In a goodness-of-fit test comparing isolate virulence among species, the unidentified PFC19 isolate was found to be more effective than either L. longisporum or L. muscarium, while L. longisporum caused somewhat greater mortality than L. muscarium. In a similar analysis, isolates extracted from soils tended to be more effective than those obtained from cadavers. Horizontal transmission to live P. strobi was observed using different isolates of Lecanicillium species. Notwithstanding the variability in virulence, the indigenous Lecanicillium species that we isolated and assayed are confirmed as pathogenic to P. strobi in British Columbia.

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Insects associated with the Sitka spruce weevil,Pissodes Strobi [Col.: Curculionidae] on Sitka spruce,Picea sitchensis in British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Comparative developmental biology of populations of three European and one North American Eubazus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of Pissodes spp. weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Comparative developmental biology of populations of three European and one North American Eubazus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of Pissodes spp. weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects affecting regenerating conifers in Canada: natural history and management

Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungusLecanicillium(Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) toPissodes strobi(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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