9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. AbstractKliejunas, John T.; Geils, Brian W.; Glaeser, Jessie Micales; Goheen, Ellen

BC's forests have already faced two simultaneous, globally significant, epidemics linked to climate change; the Dothistroma needle blight epidemic in NW BC and the massive mountain pine beetle epidemic throughout the BC Interior. Building on these experiences, we have compiled our best estimates of how we believe other forest health agents may behave as climate change continues to influence our forests. We have drawn on literature from around the world but have focused on the situation in BC. We have made management recommendations based on what we have seen so far and what we expect to come.Key words: climate change, forest health, forest insects, forest pathogens, forest management, British Columbia RÉSUMÉ Les forêts de la C.-B. ont déjà subi simultanément deux épidémies significativement importantes liées aux changements climatiques : la brûlure en bande rouge à l' état d' épidémie dans le nord-ouest de la C.-B. et l'infestation massive par le dendroctone du pin ponderosa relevé partout dans la zone intérieure de la C.-B. À partir de ces situations, nous avons bâti nos meilleurs estimés de ce qu'il nous semble sera le comportement d'autres ravageurs forestiers alors que les changements climatiques continuent de modifier nos forêts. Nous avons consulté des documents de partout dans le monde, mais nous nous sommes attardés à la situation vécue en C.-B. Nous avons établi des recommandations portant sur l'aménagement d'après ce que nous avons constaté à ce jour et selon ce que nous prévoyons pour l'avenir.

summary The ability of 28 monokaryons and 78 reconstituted dikaryons of Pisolithus arhizus (Scop, pers Pers.) Rauchert [Syn.: Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch] to form ectomycorrhizas on Pinus pinaster (Ait.) Sol. and Pinus banksiana (Lamb.) was studied using the growth pouch method. The ability to form mycorrhiza and promote growth of P. pinaster differed both between and within monkaryons and dikaryons. Some monokaryons and dikaryons failed to form ectomycorrhizas. Monokaryons formed fewer ectomycorrhizas on P. pinaster than dikaryons. The heterokaryotic state was necessary for the full expression of ectomycorrhiza‐forming ability. Growth of P. pinaster was more strongly correlated with ectomycorrhiza formation by dikaryons than by monokaryons.

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S U M M A R \The cell free culture media of 16 ectomycorrhizal funj^i were tested for their abiht\-to inhibit the growth of 23 phytopatho^ens and one eetomycorrhizal fungus. I'^xtracelkilar metabolites of se\-en (44",,) ectomyeorrhizal funsji, Amanita citrina, Lncraria bicoloy, haciaria laecaUi, Pisohthits tnutorius, Suillus bm'ipes, TriclioloiiKi ftcwoiireiis ai-idTriclwloina pessiindatum, inhibited the f^rowth ol up to 20 of 24 (83 ",,) funjji tested. Two ectomycorrhizal fungi, P. tinctorius and T. pessundatum, were inhibitory to the ectomycorrhizal fungus, Sphai'iosporcUa brunnca. \ microscopic examination at the coloi-iy margin ol confronted phytopathogenic fungi was made, noting changes in hyphal morphology. \ novel feature, hyphal lysis, caused b>' the cell free culture medium of /'. ti]ictorius, was seen in the two phytopathogens, Truncatclla harligii and Rhizoclouia praticola, and in the hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal fungus, S. brunnca.