Forest health and climate change: A British Columbia perspective

Woods, Alex; Heppner, Don; Kope, H. H.; Burleigh, Jennifer; Maclauchlan, Lorraine E.

doi:10.5558/tfc86412-4

Cited by 84 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Some regional consequences of climate change on plant health are already present: for example, although changes in cropping practices may also be playing a role, there have been progressively earlier and more frequent observations of Phytophthora infestans in Finland (Hannukkala et al 2007). In forests of Canada and the Western USA, warmer temperatures have been associated with large-scale outbreaks of bark beetles (Bentz et al 2010;Woods et al 2010;Woods 2011). Plant pests are already causing substantial crop losses in most regions of the world (Rosenzweig et al 2001;Barnes et al 2010;Haq et al 2011).…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Climate Change On Plant Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. This overview addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs, for example in the land-sharing vs. sparing debate. Further research is needed on climate change and plant health in mountain, boreal, Mediterranean and tropical regions, with multiple climate change factors and scenarios (including our responses to it, e.g. the assisted migration of plants), in relation to endophytes, viruses and mycorrhiza, using long-term and large-scale datasets and considering various plant disease control methods.Keywords Adaptive ecosystem management . Biotic interactions . Landscape pathology . Phytophthora ramorum . Plant disease epidemiology . Tree fungal pathogens Up to the 1990s, there was little information about climate change impacts on plant disease. For example, Eur J Plant Pathol

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Section: Direct Effects Of Climate Change On Plant Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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“…Our decision to compare decadal or longer intervals of climatic records may obscure extreme events that can trigger wide-spread tree mortality over a few years, but high rates of tree mortality have been reported continually since the 1990s across much of the study area [1,3,[66][67][68]. In the Southwest, much of the increase in tree mortality may be associated with consecutive years of drought [19,[53][54][55].…”

Section: Implications On Forest Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-Based Modeling to Assess the Effects of Recent Climatic Variation on Site Productivity and Forest Function across Western North America

Waring

Coops

Mathys

et al. 2014

Forests

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A process-based forest growth model, 3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth), parameterized with values of soil properties constrained by satellite-derived estimates of maximum leaf area index (LAI max ), was run for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) to contrast the extent to which site growth potential might vary across western North America between a cool, wet period and a more recent, generally warmer and drier one (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009). LAI max represents a surrogate for overall site growth potential, as demonstrated from a strong correlation between the two variables, with the latter based on the culmination of mean annual increment estimates made at 3356 ground-based U.S. Forest Service survey plots across the states of Oregon and Washington. Results indicate that since 2000, predicted LAI max has decreased more than 20% in portions of the Southwest USA and for much of the forested area in western Alberta. Similar percentage increases in LAI max were predicted for parts of British Columbia, Idaho and Montana. The modeling analysis included an assessment of changes in seasonal constraints on gross primary production (GPP). A general reduction in limitations caused by spring frost occurred across the entire study area. This has led to a longer growing season, along with notable increases in summer evaporative demand and soil drought for much of the study area away from the maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean.

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“…Such an increase in water temperature and decrease in late summer discharge are vital threats to the iconic salmon runs of the Fraser basin (Hague et al, 2011;Healey and Bradford, 2011). Changes in air temperature and precipitation will also have impacts on forest ecosystems and vegetation distributions (Carroll et al, 2004;Hamann and Wang, 2006;Woods et al, 2010). Many mountain glaciers of southern British Columbia are already retreating due to rising global air temperatures (Koch et al, 2009;Bolch et al, 2010), and average global temperatures by 2100 are likely to rise an additional 2°C assuming current trends in CO 2 emissions (IPCC, 2013).…”

Section: Fraser River Basin Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes in the Fraser River, Canada : a coupled organic-inorganic perspective

Voß¹

2014

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The great geologic and climatic diversity of the Fraser River basin in southwestern Canada render it an excellent location for understanding biogeochemical cycling of sediments and terrigenous organic carbon in a relatively pristine, large, temperate watershed. Sediments delivered by all tributaries have the potential to reach the ocean due to a lack of main stem lakes or impoundments, a unique feature for a river of its size. This study documents the concentrations of a suite of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic constituents, which elucidate spatial and temporal variations in chemical weathering (including carbonate weathering in certain areas) as well as organic carbon mobilization, export, and biogeochemical transformation. Radiogenic strontium isotopes are employed as a tracer of sediment provenance based on the wide variation in bedrock age and lithology in the Fraser basin. The influence of sediments derived from the headwaters is detectable at the river mouth, however more downstream sediment sources predominate, particularly during high discharge conditions. Bulk radiocarbon analyses are used to quantify terrestrial storage timescales of organic carbon and distinguish between petrogenic and biospheric organic carbon, which is critical to assessing the role of rivers in long-term atmospheric CO 2 consumption. The estimated terrestrial residence time of biospheric organic carbon in the Fraser basin is 650 years, which is relatively short compared to other larger rivers (Amazon, Ganges-Brahmaputra) in which this assessment has been performed, and is likely related to the limited floodplain storage capacity and non-steadystate post-glacial erosion state of the Fraser River. A large portion of the dissolved inorganic carbon load of the Fraser River (>80%) is estimated to derive from remineralization of dissolved organic carbon, particularly during the annual spring freshet when organic carbon concentrations increase rapidly. This thesis establishes a baseline for carbon cycling in a largely unperturbed modern mid-latitude river system and establishes a framework for future process studies on the mechanisms of organic carbon turnover and organic matter-mineral associations in river systems.

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Forest health and climate change: A British Columbia perspective

Cited by 84 publications

References 45 publications

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Process-Based Modeling to Assess the Effects of Recent Climatic Variation on Site Productivity and Forest Function across Western North America

Spatial and temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes in the Fraser River, Canada : a coupled organic-inorganic perspective

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