Trema micrantha toxicity in horses in Brazil

Abstract

After ingesting green leaves of T. micrantha, 2 horses showed apathy, locomotor deficit, blindness, recumbency, paddling, coma and death. The main gross findings were scattered haemorrhages, enhanced lobular pattern of the liver, and cerebral oedema. Histological changes included disseminated haemorrhages, massive hepatocellular necrosis, neuronal degeneration, Alzheimer type II astrocytes and cerebral perivascular oedema. Clinicopathological findings which were comparable with those observed in Trema micrantha poisoned ruminants, associated with epidemiological evidence suggested the diagnosis.Trema micrantha poisoning should be evaluated as a possible cause in the diagnosis of equine hepatopathy and occasional secondary encephalopathy.

Intoxicação natural por Senecio brasiliensis em equinos

“…em equinos outras plantas que causam lesões hepáticas, principalmente aquelas que contêm pirrolizidinas como princípio tóxico (Tokarnia et al 2012), ou plantas que causam alterações hepáticas agudas, como Trema micrantha (Bandarra et al 2010, Tokarnia et al 2012, Pavarini et al 2013. Outras doenças que podem cursar com quadros neurológicos também são diagnósticos diferenciais, e incluem principalmente raiva, encefalomielites virais e mieloencefalite por protozoário , Lucena et al 2009, Barros 2010, Tokarnia et al 2012.…”

Pneumotoxicosis in Sheep Caused by Ingestion of Trema Micrantha

“…1, which died 5 hours after onset of clinical signs, had the typical hepatic necrosis of T. micrantha toxicosis, which has been reported in herbivores. 2,5,15,16 The hepatic or pulmonary manifestations in sheep could be due to factors such as variation in species susceptibility, individual susceptibility, and the amount of ingested plant material. The emphysema of the mediastinum and subcutis of the neck in these sheep could have resulted from increased intra-alveolar pressure generated by increased expiratory effort and altered interstitial permeability.…”

“…Ingestion of this plant has been associated with poisoning in goats 5,16 and horses. 2 Poisoning by T. micrantha is characterized predominantly by acute hepatic insufficiency due to centrolobular hepatic necrosis 16 and is often accompanied by neurologic signs 2 of hepatic encephalopathy. 6 In southern Brazil, sheep were traditionally grazed in large extensions of the native rangelands; recently, however, sheep have been intensively managed on small pastures where supplementation of the daily feed often includes alternative sources of forage.…”

Surto de intoxicação por sal em suínos em Santa Catarina

“…À semelhança do que foi descrito por outros autores (Summers et al 1995, Finnie et al 2010, Bandarra et al 2010, no presente estudo, AIIA demonstraram marcação fraca para GFAP e intensa para S-100. AIIA, geralmente, não marcam para GFAP, provavelmente, devido à instabilidade do mRNA da GFAP que causa perda desse ϐilamento intermediário (Norenberg 1994).…”